Membranes are ubiquitous in living materials and carry out highly specialised functions. They surround both cells (plasma membranes) and organelles within cells and represent the surface through which interaction occurs with the outside world. Cell membranes consist mostly of lipids and proteins. Scientists have been well aware for a long time of the importance of lipid structural properties for understanding functional mechanisms at membrane surfaces. Neutron scattering techniques are powerful tools for the characterization of the structure and dynamics of bio-mimetic systems and much progress has been done in recent years since they give the unique access to microscopic structure and dynamics at length scales of intermolecular or atomic distances. The optimization of instrumentation and sample preparation techniques, as well as the new possibilities offered by protein deuteration, have opened the way to studies of lipid/protein interactions that were impossible in the past. It is now possible to engineer systems that allow one to look at the insertion of biomolecules into membranes and to determine very accurately the structure as well as the dynamics of the interaction.
Les membranes existent partout dans les matériaux vivants et portent des fonctions hautement spécialisées. Elles entourent à la fois les cellules (membranes cellulaires) et les organites intra-cellulaires. Elles correspondent à la surface à travers laquelle se fait l'interaction avec le monde extérieur. Les membranes des cellules consistent essentiellement de lipides en protéines. Les scientifiques ont réalisé depuis longtemps l'importance des propriétés structurales des lipides pour la compréhension des mécanismes fonctionnels à la surface de la membrane. Les techniques de diffusion de neutrons sont un outil puissant pour caractériser à la fois la structure et la dynamique des systèmes bio-mimétiques. Ces dernières années, beaucoup de progrès ont été réalisés grâce à cet accès unique à la structure microscopique ainsi qu'à la dynamique sur des échelles de longueurs interatomiques et intermoléculaires. L'optimisation de l'instrumentation et les techniques de préparation de l'échantillon ainsi que les nouvelles possibilités offertes par la deutériation des protéines ont ouvert la voie aux études des interactions lipides/protéines, interdites jusqu'ici. Il est maintenant possible de créer des systèmes qui permettent de regarder l'insertion des biomolécules dans les membranes et de déterminer précisément leur structure et la dynamique associée aux interactions.
Mot clés : Système bio-mimétique, Diffusion de neutrons
Giovanna Fragneto 1; Maikel Rheinstädter 2
@article{CRPHYS_2007__8_7-8_865_0, author = {Giovanna Fragneto and Maikel Rheinst\"adter}, title = {Structural and dynamical studies from bio-mimetic systems: an overview}, journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique}, pages = {865--883}, publisher = {Elsevier}, volume = {8}, number = {7-8}, year = {2007}, doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.003}, language = {en}, }
Giovanna Fragneto; Maikel Rheinstädter. Structural and dynamical studies from bio-mimetic systems: an overview. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 8 (2007) no. 7-8, pp. 865-883. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.003. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.003/
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