[Caractérisation et modélisation des atmosphères exoplanétaires]
Cet article passe en revue les récentes avancées en physique des atmosphères des exoplanètes, dans le cadre de la préparation de la mission Ariel de l’ESA. La modélisation des atmosphères, bâtie sur les modèles planétologiques développés dans l’étude du Système Solaire, peut aujourd’hui être extrapolée aux exoplanètes par l’utilisation de bases de données moléculaires adaptées aux températures rencontrées. L’une des difficultés des modèles repose sur la forte dégénérescence dans l’inversion des paramètres de structure et composition atmosphérique. Les méthodes bayesiennes d’inversion ont permis des avancées récentes, sur les observations à basse résolution du Hubble Space Telescope, et sont préparées pour les prochaines observations du James Webb Space Telescope. Les avancées attendues dans les prochaines années dans le domaine font de la caractérisation par spectroscopie des exoplanètes une des branches les plus actives du domaine.
The spectral characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres is a relatively new subject. Until recently, space and ground-based observatories allowed only a few planets to be observed with spectroscopic instruments. The arrival of JWST data and the development of new instruments on Earth will drastically modify the situation, giving access to deeper modelling contraints and to a better understanding on planet formation and evolution. This paper is devoted to describe the turning point experienced by the astronomy of exoplanets that will continue in particular with the launch of the ESA/Ariel mission at the end of the decade.
Accepté le :
Première publication :
Mot clés : Exoplanètes, Atmosphères, Modèles, Inversion, Téléscope spatial James Webb (JWST), Mission Ariel
CC-BY 4.0
@article{CRPHYS_2023__24_S2_A7_0,
author = {Benjamin Charnay and Pierre Drossart},
title = {Characterization and modelling of exoplanetary atmospheres},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.5802/crphys.143},
language = {en},
note = {Online first},
}
Benjamin Charnay; Pierre Drossart. Characterization and modelling of exoplanetary atmospheres. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Online first (2023), pp. 1-11. doi : 10.5802/crphys.143.
[1] Spectroscopic evidence for vegetation on mars, Astrophys. J., Volume 126 (1957), pp. 231-239 | DOI
[2] Detection of planetary transits across a sun-like star, Astrophys. J. Lett., Volume 529 (2000) no. 1, p. L45-L48 | DOI
[3] Detection of an extrasolar planet atmosphere, Astrophys. J., Volume 568 (2002) no. 1, pp. 377-384 | DOI
[4] et al. The strange case of Na I in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b. Reconciling low- and high-resolution spectroscopic observations, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 657 (2022), A97 | DOI
[5] et al. Is there Na I in the atmosphere of HD 209458b?. Effect of the centre-to-limb variation and Rossiter–McLaughlin effect in transmission spectroscopy studies, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 635 (2020), A206 | DOI
[6] et al. Giant planets from the inside-out, 2022 (preprint) | arXiv
[7] et al. Five carbon- and nitrogen-bearing species in a hot giant planet’s atmosphere, Nature, Volume 592 (2021) no. 7853, pp. 205-208 | DOI
[8] et al. A continuum from clear to cloudy hot-Jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion, Nature, Volume 529 (2016), pp. 59-62 | DOI
[9] et al. A map of the day-night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b, Nature, Volume 447 (2007) no. 7141, pp. 183-186 | DOI
[10] Atmospheric circulation and tides of “51 Pegasus b-like” planets, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 385 (2002), pp. 166-180 | DOI
[11] The effects of snowlines on C/O in planetary atmospheres, Astrophys. J. Lett., Volume 743 (2011) no. 1, L16 | DOI
[12] On the detection of an effect of rotation during eclipse in the velocity of the brigher component of beta Lyrae, and on the constancy of velocity of this system, Astrophys. J., Volume 60 (1924), pp. 15-21 | DOI
[13] Some results of a spectrographic study of the Algol system, Astrophys. J., Volume 60 (1924), pp. 22-31 | DOI
[14] Transit spectroscopy : on the influence of stellar molecular lines in the retrieval of exoplanets atmospheric absorption, 44th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 16–24 July, Volume 44 (2022), p. 565
[15] Planet and star synergy at high-spectral resolution. A rationale for the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. I. The infrared, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 631 (2019), A100 | DOI
[16] et al. A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL, Exp. Astron., Volume 46 (2018) no. 1, pp. 135-209 | DOI
[17] et al. The Phase A study of the ESA M4 mission candidate ARIEL, Exp. Astron., Volume 46 (2018) no. 1, pp. 211-239 | DOI
[18] et al. A survey of exoplanet phase curves with Ariel, Exp. Astron., Volume 53 (2022) no. 2, pp. 417-446 | DOI
[19] et al. ExoClock project: an open platform for monitoring the ephemerides of Ariel targets with contributions from the public, Exp. Astron., Volume 53 (2022) no. 2, pp. 547-588 | DOI
[20] et al. 3D modelling of the early martian climate under a denser CO atmosphere: Temperatures and CO ice clouds, Icarus, Volume 222 (2013) no. 1, pp. 81-99 | DOI
[21] A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star, Nature, Volume 378 (1995) no. 6555, pp. 355-359 | DOI
[22] Habitable zones around main sequence stars, Icarus, Volume 101 (1993) no. 1, pp. 108-128 | DOI
[23] Spectral binning of precomputed correlated-k coefficients, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 645 (2021), A20 | DOI
[24] et al. 3D climate modeling of close-in land planets: Circulation patterns, climate moist bistability, and habitability, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 554 (2013), A69 | DOI
[25] Stabilizing cloud feedback dramatically expands the habitable zone of tidally locked planets, Astrophys. J. Lett., Volume 771 (2013), L45 | DOI
[26] Methane, carbon monoxide, and ammonia in Brown Dwarfs and self-luminous giant planets, Astrophys. J., Volume 797 (2014), 41 | DOI
[27] et al. New chemical scheme for giant planet thermochemistry. Update of the methanol chemistry and new reduced chemical scheme, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 634 (2020), A78 | DOI
[28] et al. Clouds in the atmosphere of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ1214b, Nature, Volume 505 (2014), pp. 69-72 | DOI
[29] et al. Inference of inhomogeneous clouds in an exoplanet atmosphere, Astrophys. J. Lett., Volume 776 (2013), L25 | DOI
[30] Transitions in the cloud composition of hot jupiters, Astrophys. J., Volume 828 (2016), 22 | DOI
[31] Clouds and hazes in exoplanet atmospheres, Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets (S. J. Mackwell; A. A. Simon-Miller; J. W. Harder; M. A. Bullock, eds.), University of Arizona, 2013, pp. 367-391 | DOI
[32] Aerosols in exoplanet atmospheres, J. Geophys. Res. (Planets), Volume 126 (2021) no. 4, e06655 | DOI
[33] Dust in brown dwarfs. V. Growth and evaporation of dirty dust grains, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 455 (2006), pp. 325-338 | DOI
[34] et al. Aerosol composition of hot giant exoplanets dominated by silicates and hydrocarbon hazes, Nat. Astron., Volume 4 (2020), pp. 951-956 | DOI
[35] et al. A self-consistent cloud model for Brown Dwarfs and young giant exoplanets: comparison with photometric and spectroscopic observations, Astrophys. J., Volume 854 (2018) no. 2, 172 | DOI
[36] et al. From thermal dissociation to condensation in the atmospheres of ultra hot Jupiters: WASP-121b in context, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 617 (2018), A110 | DOI
[37] et al. Day-night cloud asymmetry prevents early oceans on Venus but not on Earth, Nature, Volume 598 (2021) no. 7880, pp. 276-280 | DOI
[38] How to distinguish between cloudy mini-neptunes and water/volatile-dominated super-earths, Astrophys. J., Volume 778 (2013), 153 | DOI
[39] Strong biases in retrieved atmospheric composition caused by day-night chemical heterogeneities, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 636 (2020), A66 | DOI
[40] et al. Formation and dynamics of water clouds on temperate sub-Neptunes: the example of K2-18b, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 646 (2021), A171 | DOI
[41] et al. Toward the analysis of JWST exoplanet spectra: Identifying troublesome model parameters, Astrophys. J., Volume 850 (2017), 150 | DOI
[42] et al. The TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI). Part I: Dry Cases—The fellowship of the GCMs, Planet. Sci. J., Volume 3 (2022), 211 | DOI
[43] et al. The TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI). Part II: Moist Cases—The Two Waterworlds, Planet. Sci. J., Volume 3 (2022), 212 | DOI
[44] Extremely long convergence times in a 3D GCM simulation of the sub-neptune gliese 1214b, Astrophys. J., Volume 891 (2020) no. 1, 7 | DOI
[45] et al. Idealised simulations of the deep atmosphere of hot Jupiters. Deep, hot adiabats as a robust solution to the radius inflation problem, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 632 (2019), A114 | DOI
Cité par Sources :
Commentaires - Politique