Plan
Comptes Rendus

Comment on Tectonic relationships of Southwest Iberia with the allochthons of Northwest Iberia and the Moroccan Variscides by J.F. Simancas et al. [C. R. Geoscience 341 (2009) 103–113]
[Commentaire sur Relations tectoniques du Sud-Ouest de l’Ibérie avec les allochtones du Nord-Ouest ibérique et le Maroc varisque par J.F. Simancas et al. [C.R. Geoscience 341 (2009) 103–113]]
Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Volume 342 (2010) no. 2, pp. 170-174.
Métadonnées
Reçu le :
Accepté le :
Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2010.01.008

André Michard 1 ; Hassan Ouanaimi 2 ; Christian Hoepffner 3 ; Abderrahmane Soulaimani 4 ; Lahssen Baidder 5

1 10, rue des Jeûneurs, 75002 Paris, France
2 Département de géologie, ENS, université Cadi Ayyad, BP S2400 Marrakech, Morocco
3 Département de géologie, faculté des sciences, université Mohamed V, BP 1014 Rabat Agdal, Morocco
4 Département de géologie, faculté des sciences, université Cadi Ayyad, BP S20 Marrakech, Morocco
5 Département de géologie, faculté des sciences Aïn Chock, université Hassan II, BP 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
@article{CRGEOS_2010__342_2_170_0,
     author = {Andr\'e Michard and Hassan Ouanaimi and Christian Hoepffner and Abderrahmane Soulaimani and Lahssen Baidder},
     title = {Comment on {Tectonic} relationships of {Southwest} {Iberia} with the allochthons of {Northwest} {Iberia} and the {Moroccan} {Variscides} by {J.F.} {Simancas} et al. {[C.} {R.} {Geoscience} 341 (2009) 103{\textendash}113]},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. G\'eoscience},
     pages = {170--174},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     volume = {342},
     number = {2},
     year = {2010},
     doi = {10.1016/j.crte.2010.01.008},
     language = {en},
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - André Michard
AU  - Hassan Ouanaimi
AU  - Christian Hoepffner
AU  - Abderrahmane Soulaimani
AU  - Lahssen Baidder
TI  - Comment on Tectonic relationships of Southwest Iberia with the allochthons of Northwest Iberia and the Moroccan Variscides by J.F. Simancas et al. [C. R. Geoscience 341 (2009) 103–113]
JO  - Comptes Rendus. Géoscience
PY  - 2010
SP  - 170
EP  - 174
VL  - 342
IS  - 2
PB  - Elsevier
DO  - 10.1016/j.crte.2010.01.008
LA  - en
ID  - CRGEOS_2010__342_2_170_0
ER  - 
%0 Journal Article
%A André Michard
%A Hassan Ouanaimi
%A Christian Hoepffner
%A Abderrahmane Soulaimani
%A Lahssen Baidder
%T Comment on Tectonic relationships of Southwest Iberia with the allochthons of Northwest Iberia and the Moroccan Variscides by J.F. Simancas et al. [C. R. Geoscience 341 (2009) 103–113]
%J Comptes Rendus. Géoscience
%D 2010
%P 170-174
%V 342
%N 2
%I Elsevier
%R 10.1016/j.crte.2010.01.008
%G en
%F CRGEOS_2010__342_2_170_0
André Michard; Hassan Ouanaimi; Christian Hoepffner; Abderrahmane Soulaimani; Lahssen Baidder. Comment on Tectonic relationships of Southwest Iberia with the allochthons of Northwest Iberia and the Moroccan Variscides by J.F. Simancas et al. [C. R. Geoscience 341 (2009) 103–113]. Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Volume 342 (2010) no. 2, pp. 170-174. doi : 10.1016/j.crte.2010.01.008. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/geoscience/articles/10.1016/j.crte.2010.01.008/

Version originale du texte intégral

In a recent article, Simancas et al., 2009 take up again (see also El Hadi et al., 2006b; Simancas et al., 2005) an exciting problem, which concerns the former relationships between the Iberian and Moroccan Variscides. This issue has been seldom approached up to now from a geodynamic point of view [e.g. Michard and Piqué, 1980; Bordonaro et al., 1979; Piqué et al., 1991]. Restoring these relationships is hampered by the large dextral wrench-faults that crosscut the Variscan belt from Latest Carboniferous to Permian (Bard, 1997), and by the subsequent Mesozoic-Cenozoic displacements of Africa vs Europe. However, it is certainly worthy to tackle this issue as the Moroccan Variscides are the only large and well-exposed segment of the Variscan Belt Southern Branch (Guillot and Menot, 2009) that preserved its original relationships with Gondwana. We are grateful to Simancas et al., 2005; Simancas et al., 2009 for their repeated efforts to tackle this major geodynamic problem in the most general framework of the Variscan plate tectonics. In the present comment, we do not intend to question the latter framework, i.e. the position of the suture(s) and orientation of the subduction zone(s), but simply to address the brief account of the Moroccan Variscides that is proposed by our colleagues, and that they use to restore the connection of this Variscan segment with that of South Iberia.

Briefly, Simancas et al., 2009 tend to minimize the pre-orogenic and syn-orogenic separation between the Anti-Atlas Domain, which clearly represents the weakly deformed border of the West African Craton [e.g. Hoepffner et al., 2005; Soulaimani and Burkhard, 2008], and the strongly deformed Meseta Domain, which displays clear evidence of crustal shortening and orogenic magmatism [e.g. Hoepffner et al., 2006; Michard et al., 2008]. In their Fig. 5 (Present state) and Fig. 6C-D (Late Carboniferous), the boundary between these domains is labelled “South Atlas Fault” (SAF). In Fig. 6A-B, it is assumed that the “SAF” did not exist during the Early Carboniferous. They “believe inconsistent the […] interpretations giving to the SAF the category of a major Paleozoic continental fault accommodating the whole shortening of the Moroccan Variscides”. We cannot agree with such a view of the Meseta – Anti-Atlas relationships for the reasons summarized hereafter (see Michard et al., 2008 for more details):

  • 1-. It is important to emphasize significant differences between the Meseta and the Anti-Atlas domains (Michard and Piqué, 1980; Michard et al., 1989; Hoepffner et al., 2005). The whole Meseta Domain is characterised by:
    • (i) much more important shortening than the Anti-Atlas; synkinematic metamorphism reaching frequently the amphibolite facies;
    • (ii) emplacement of Variscan granitoids, which are lacking in the Anti-Atlas;
    • (iii) dominantly north-westward structural vergence contrasting with the south-eastward to southward vergence of Anti-Atlas. These fundamental differences between the two major domains of the Moroccan Variscides call for a basic role of the South Meseta Zone as a major Variscan lithospheric discontinuity – not a mere Late Carboniferous strike-slip fault.
  • 2-. We think that calling “South Atlasic Fault (SAF)” the southern boundary of the Meseta Domain is misleading. In fact, the “Faille (Accident) sud-atlasique” is defined since years (Ambroggi and Neltner, 1952; Russo and Russo, 1934) as the system of faults that bound the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Atlas Belt to the south. The SAF extends roughly east-west over 1700 km from Agadir in Morocco to Gabès in Tunisia e.g. Frizon de Lamotte et al., 2000; Frizon de Lamotte et al., 2008. At the scale of North Africa, the southeastern boundary of the Meseta Domain and the southeastern front of the Variscan deformation in the foreland trend ENE, oblique to the SAF, and the Atlas basement of eastern Algeria and Tunisia only shows wide wavelength Paleozoic structures (Bracène, 2002; Mejri et al., 2009). The Moroccan outcrops also allow us to distinguish between the Mesozoic-Cenozoic SAF and the Meseta Domain south boundary (Fig. 1). This boundary was recognized by Mattauer et al., 1972 and Proust et al., 1977 in the western High Atlas as being an important dextral wrench fault (Tizi n’Test Fault). Then, Michard et al., 1989 and Piqué and Michard, 1989 argued that this boundary has to continue to eastern Morocco since the deformation of eastern Meseta strongly contrasts with that of eastern Anti-Atlas, and coined the term of “Atlas Paleozoic Transform Fault” (APTZ). It must be stressed that this name does not refer to any sutured oceanic ridge, but to the transformation of shortening (Eastern and Western Meseta) into displacement (wrenching) at the southern boundary of the Meseta Domain, against the poorly deformed Anti-Atlas. APTZ and SAF are obviously not coincident in the Marrakech High Atlas, as the basement of its western part belongs to the Meseta Domain whereas that of its eastern part belongs to the Anti-Atlas Domain (Ouzellarh Promontory, (Choubert, 1952). West of the Ouzellarh Massif, Ouanaimi and Petit, 1992 demonstrated that the APTZ trends roughly NNE (Nfis Fault), being crosscut by several Atlas faults (Meltsen, etc.). East of the Ouzellarh Massif, the southern boundary of the Meseta Domain splits into a fault bundle defining a wide zone. The southernmost fault trends ESE across the Skoura Paleozoic inlier of the High Atlas (Laville, 1980), whereas the northernmost can be followed between the Skoura and Ait Tamlil inlier (Jenny et al., 1989). The southern fault connects further east with the front of the Tineghir Paleozoic slivers thrust onto the Anti-Atlas (Michard et al., 1982; Schiavo et al., 2007; Dal Piaz et al., 2007). There, the front of the Mesetan thrust units is located 50 km south of the SAF. Still further east, the Meseta Domain is separated from the Anti-Atlas by a tectonic zone cropping out within the High Atlas (Tamlelt inlier) and south of it (Ben Zireg area). In this “South Meseta Zone”, Houari and Hoepffner, 2003 observed both dextral strike-slip (particularly to the north of the Tamlelt) and south-vergent reverse faulting;
  • 3-. Let us call in the following “South Meseta Fault Zone” (SMFZ; Fig. 2A) the boundary zone (either narrow or wide, west and east of the Ouzellarh salient, respectively) between the Mesetan Variscides and the Anti-Atlas. Notice that this major Paleozoic lineament was also referred to as “South Meseta Shear Zone” (Piqué et al., 1991). Contrary to Simancas et al., 2009, we argue that a precursor of the SMFZ occurred as early as the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous as synmetamorphic Variscan folding occurred then in the Eastern Meseta and eastern Western Meseta (Hoepffner et al., 2005; Hoepffner et al., 2006; Michard et al., 2008; Piqué and Michard, 1989) whereas extension prevailed in the Anti-Atlas (Baidder et al., 2008; Michard et al., 2008; Wendt, 1985). As the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous folds of Eastern Meseta are synmetamorphic recumbent/overturned folds (Hoepffner et al., 2006; Michard et al., 2008, Fig. 3.25A), the “proto-SFMZ” cannot simply represent a (sinistral) strike-slip fault (as proposed by Piqué and Michard, 1989). Consistently, a striking contrast characterizes the Lower Carboniferous deposits of the Anti-Atlas shelf and Meseta turbiditic basins, respectively (see Michard et al., 2008 with references therein). Moreover, we feel critical not to exaggerate the role of strike-slip tectonics along the SMFZ during the Carboniferous, and in contrast we emphasize that of compression, which is well illustrated in the Tineghir, Tisdafine and Ben Zireg thrust contacts (Houari and Hoepffner, 2003; Michard et al., 1982; Soualhine et al., 2003) and the Anti-Atlas itself (Tata area (Soulaimani and Burkhard, 2008); Ougnat, (Raddi et al., 2007)). During the Late Carboniferous, i.e. when the Meseta and Anti-Atlas domains were colliding, the occurrence of the Ouzellarh salient limited necessarily the importance of strike-slip displacements. We have to admit that Eastern Meseta was structurally independent from the Anti-Atlas at that time. Moreover, such independence also occurred between the Western Meseta and Anti-Atlas as Western and Eastern Meseta were connected through the Nappe Zone during the Carboniferous (Ben Abbou et al., 2001; Bouabdelli and Piqué, 1996);
  • 4-. Looking farther in the past, the SMFZ appears as an ancient domain of thinned crust formed during the Lower Paleozoic. This is suggested by varied stratigraphic data from the eastern and western transects:
  • 5-. In contrast, we agree with Simancas et al., 2009 when they claim that the Meseta Domain was not separated by any wide ocean during the Devonian-Early Carboniferous [cf.(Piqué and Michard, 1989; Hoepffner et al., 2005; Michard et al., 2008)]. If an oceanic suture occurs in the Moroccan Meseta, it can only be found south of the Sehoul Exotic Terrane, the only piece of the Mesetan mosaic (Fig. 2A) where 450–430 Ma-old orogenic events have been cited (El Hassani, 1994a, 1994b; Tahiri and El Hassani, 1994). In fact, Ordovician spilitic basalts and gabbros occur close to Rabat within the Rabat-Tiflet dilacerated, dextral strike-slip zone at the boundary between the Sehoul Block and central Western Meseta (Cailleux et al., 1984). These metabasites are not ophiolites, but could be taken as a hint for a lost oceanic domain sensu lato [cf. (Hurley et al., 1974)]. This supports Simancas et al., 2005; Simancas et al., 2009 proposal to locate the Rheic suture in this zone (cf [(Simancas et al., 2005), Fig. 4])1.

To conclude, we feel that in order to assess the tectonic correlations between the Moroccan and Iberian segments of the Variscan Belt, it is mandatory to take into account an important separation of the varied Meseta sub-domains after their rifting from NW Gondwana. These sub-domains did not drift thousands of kilometres away, but a significant thinned crust seaway extended likely until the Devonian-Early Carboniferous between these Gondwanan continental allochthons and their mother country.

1 New datations on the Rabat and Tiflet granites have been ultimately provided by Tahiri et al., 2010 (J. Afr. Earth Sci., in press), which suggest an Eo-Variscan, rather than Caledonian age for the Sehoul Block.

Fig. 1

Structural map of the South Meseta Fault Zone and adjacent areas of the Moroccan Variscides, after Hoepffner et al. (Hoepffner et al., 2005) and Michard et al. (Michard et al., 2008), modified.

Carte structurale de la Zone de Faille sud-mésétienne et des régions voisines des Variscides marocaines d’après Hoepffner et al. (Hoepffner et al., 2005) et Michard et al. (Michard et al., 2008), modifiés.

Fig. 2

A. Sketch map of the mosaic of structural domains that constitute the Moroccan Variscides. B. Tentative restoration of their position by the end of the “Caledonian” (Acadian) event that affected the Sehoul Terrane.

A. Carte schématique des domaines structuraux qui constituent les Variscides marocaines. B. Essai de restauration de leur position à la fin de l’évènement « calédonien » (acadien) qui a affecté le « Terrain » des Séhoul.


Bibliographie

[Aarab et al., 2005] A. Aarab; A. Pouclet; M. Bouabdelli Riftogenèse au Cambrien inférieur dans le Nord-Ouest du Paléogondwana. Exemple de la marge sud-est du Haut-Atlas occidental du Maroc, Ann. Soc. Geol. Nord, Volume 12 (2005), pp. 77-85

[Ambroggi and Neltner, 1952] R. Ambroggi; L. Neltner Haut-Atlas et Anti-Atlas occidentaux. Fascicule 1 : généralités. 19ème Congr. Geol. Intern. Alger, Excurs. Maroc, Volume 12 (1952), p. 65

[Baidder et al., 2008] Baidder, L., Raddi, Y., Tahiri, M., Michard, A., 2008. Devonian extension of the Panafrican crust north of the West African Craton, and its bearing on the Variscan foreland deformation: Evidence from eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco), in: Ennih, N., Liégeois, J.P. (Eds.), Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 297, 453–465.

[Bard, 1997] J.P. Bard Démembrement anté-Mésozoïque de la chaîne varisque d’Europe occidentale et d’Afrique du Nord : rôle essentiel des grands décrochements transpressifs dextres accompagnant la rotation horaire de l’Afrique durant le Stéphanien, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. IIa, Volume 324 (1997), pp. 693-704

[Ben Abbou et al., 2001] M. Ben Abbou; J.C. Soula; S. Brusset; M. Roddaz; A. Ntarmouchant; Y. Driouch; F. Christophoul; M. Bouabdelli; C. Majesté-Menjoula; D. Béziat; P. Debat; J. Déramond Contrôle tectonique de la sédimentation dans le système de bassins d’avant-pays de la Meseta marocaine, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. IIa, Volume 332 (2001), pp. 703-709

[Bernardin et al., 1988] C. Bernardin; J.J. Cornée; M. Corsini; S. Mayol; J. Muller; M. Tayebi Variations d’épaisseur du Cambrien moyen en Meseta marocaine occidentale : signification géodynamique des données de surface et de subsurface, Can. J. Earth Sci., Volume 25 (1988), pp. 2104-2117

[Bordonaro et al., 1979] M. Bordonaro; J.L. Gaillet; A. Michard Le géosynclinal carbonifère sud-mésétien dans les Jebilet (Maroc). Une corrélation avec la province sud-pyriteuse dans le Sud de l’Espagne, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. II, Volume 233 (1979), pp. 707-710

[Bouabdelli and Piqué, 1996] M. Bouabdelli; A. Piqué Du bassin sur décrochement au bassin d’avant pays : dynamique du bassin d’Azrou-Khénifra (Maroc hercynien central), J. Afr. Earth Sci., Volume 22 (1996) no. 2, pp. 213-224

[Boudda et al., 1979] A. Boudda; G. Choubert; A. Faure-Muret Essai de stratigraphie de la couverture sédimentaire de l’Anti-Atlas : Adoudounien-Cambrien inférieur, Notes Mem. Serv. Geol Maroc, Volume 271 (1979), pp. 1-96

[Bracène, 2002] Bracène, R., 2002. Géodynamique du Nord de l’Algérie ; impact sur l’exploration pétrolière. Unpubl. Thesis Univ. Cergy-Pontoise, 210 p.

[Cailleux et al., 1984] Y. Cailleux; C. Deloche; H. Gonord; P. Rolin Mise en évidence de deux couloirs de cisaillement dans la zone paléozoïque de Rabat-Tiflet (Maroc septentrional), C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. II, Volume 299 (1984), pp. 569-572

[Choubert, 1952] G. Choubert Histoire géologique du domaine de l’Anti-Atlas, Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc, Volume 100 (1952), p. 196

[Cornée et al., 1987] J.J. Cornée; J. Ferrandini; J. Muller; B. Simon Le Haut-Atlas occidental paléozoïque : un graben Cambrien moyen entre deux décrochements dextres N60E hercyniens (Maroc), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. II, Volume 305 (1987), pp. 499-503

[Dal Piaz et al., 2007] G.V. Dal Piaz; M. Malusà; A. Eddebbi; A. El Boukhari; A. Ellero; N. Laftouhi; M. Massironi; H. Ouanaimi; P.C. Pertusati; R. Polino; A. Schiavo; K. Taj Eddine; D. Visonà Carte géologique du Maroc au 1/50 000, feuille Taghazout – Notice explicative, Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 519 bis (2007), p. 69

[Destombes, 1971] J. Destombes L’Ordovicien au Maroc. Essai de synthèse stratigraphique, Mém. BRGM, Volume 73 (1971), pp. 237-263

[Destombes, 2006a] J. Destombes Carte géologique au 1/200 000 de l’Anti-Atlas marocain. Paléozoïque inférieur. Feuille Saghro-Dadès. Mémoire explicatif, Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 161 bis (2006), p. 41

[Destombes, 2006b] J. Destombes Carte géologique au 1/20 000 de l’Anti-Atlas marocain. Paléozoïque inférieur : Cambrien moyen et supérieur, Ordovicien, base du Silurien. Feuille Tafilalt – Taouz. Mémoire explicatif, Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 244 bis (2006), p. 69

[Destombes and Hollard, 1986] J. Destombes; H. Hollard Carte géologique du Maroc au 1 : 200 000, Feuille Tafilalt-Taouz, Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc, Volume 244 (1986)

[Destombes et al., 1982] J. Destombes; J.C. Guézou; C. Hoepffner; P. Jenny; A. Piqué; A. Michard Le Primaire du massif des Rehamna s.s., problèmes de stratigraphie des séries métamorphiques, in: A. Michard (coord.), Le massif Paléozoïque des Rehamna (Maroc), Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc, Volume 303 (1982), pp. 35-70

[El Hadi et al., 2006a] H. El Hadi; A. Tahiri; F. Simancas Cabrera; F. González Lodeiro; A. Azor Pérez; D.J. Martínez Poyatos Un exemple de volcanisme calco-alcalin de type orogénique mis en place en contexte de rifting (Cambrien de l’Oued Rhebar, Meseta occidentale, Maroc), C. R. Geoscience, Volume 338 (2006), pp. 229-236

[El Hadi et al., 2006b] H. El Hadi; F. Simancas Cabrera; A. Tahiri; F. González Lodeiro; A. Azor Pérez; D.J. Martínez Poyatos Comparative review of the Variscan granitoids of Morocco and Iberia: Proposal of a broad zonation, Geodinamica Acta, Volume 19 (2006), pp. 103-116

[El Hassani, 1994a] El Hassani, A., 1994a. Stratigraphie et environnement sédimentaire du Bloc des Sehoul, in: El Hassani, A., Piqué, A., Tahiri, A. (Eds), Le Massif Central marocain et la Meseta orientale, Bull. Inst. Sci. Rabat, vol. spec. 18, 3–9.

[El Hassani, 1994b] El Hassani, A., 1994b. La déformation calédonienne du Bloc des Sehoul : la phase séhoulienne, in: El Hassani, A., Piqué, A., Tahiri, A. (Eds), Le Massif Central marocain et la Meseta orientale, Bull. Inst. Sci. Rabat, vol. spec, 18. 93–106.

[El Kamel et al., 1998] F. El Kamel; T. Remmal; A. Mohsine Mise en évidence d’un magmatisme alcalin d’intraplaque post-calédonien dans le bassin silurien des Ouled Abbou (Meseta côtière, Maroc), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. IIa327 (1998), pp. 309-314

[Frizon de Lamotte et al., 2000] D. Frizon de Lamotte; B. Saint-Bézard; R. Bracène The two main steps of the Atlas building and geodynamics of the western Mediterranean, Tectonics, Volume 19 (2000), pp. 740-761

[Frizon de Lamotte et al., 2008] Frizon de Lamotte, D., Leturmy, P., Missenard, Y., Khomsi, S., Ruiz, G., Saddiqi, O., Guillocheau, F., Michard, A., 2008. Mesozoic and Cenozoic vertical movements in the Atlas system (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia): An overview, Tectonophysics 475, 9–28.

[Guillot and Menot, 2009] S. Guillot; R.P. Menot Paleozoic evolution of the External Crystalline Massifs of the Western Alps, C. R. Geoscience, Volume 341 (2009), pp. 253-265

[Hoepffner et al., 2005] H. Hoepffner; A. Soulaimani; A. Piqué The Moroccan Hercynides, J. Afr. Earth Sci., Volume 43 (2005), pp. 144-165

[Hoepffner et al., 2006] Hoepffner, C., Houari, M.R., Bouabdelli, M., 2006. Tectonics of the North African Variscides (Morocco, Western Algeria), an outline, in: Frizon de Lamotte, D., Saddiqi, O., Michard, A. (Eds.), Recent Developments on the Maghreb Geodynamics. C. R. Geoscience 338, 25–40.

[Hollard, 1967] H. Hollard Le Dévonien du Maroc et du Sahara nord-occidental, International Symposium on the Devonian System, Calgary, Alberta Soc. Petrol. Geol. 1, 1967, pp. 203-244

[Houari and Hoepffner, 2003] M.R. Houari; C. Hoepffner Late Carboniferous dextral wrench-dominated transpression along the North African craton margin (eastern High Atlas, Morocco), J. Afr. Earth Sci., Volume 37 (2003), pp. 11-24

[Hurley et al., 1974] P.M. Hurley; A. Boudda; W.H. Kanes; A.E.M. Nairn A plate tectonics origin for Late Precambrian-Paleozoic orogenic belt in Morocco, Geology, Volume 2 (1974), pp. 343-344

[Jenny et al., 1989] J. Jenny; A. Izart; J.L. Lesage La boutonnière d’Ait Tamlil, évolution tectono-sédimentaire durant le Viséen et structuration du segment hercynien du Haut Atlas central (Maroc), Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc, Volume 335 (1989), pp. 239-250

[Laville, 1980] E. Laville Tectonique et microtectonique d’une partie du versant sud du Haut Atlas marocain (boutonnière de Skoura, nappe de Toundout), Notes Serv. Geol. Maroc, Volume 41 (1980) no. 285, pp. 81-183

[Mattauer et al., 1972] M. Mattauer; P. Tapponnier; F. Proust Major strike-slip fault of a Late Hercynian age in Morocco, Nature, Volume 236 (1972), pp. 160-162

[Mejri et al., 2009] Mejri, F., Burollet, P.F., Ben Ferjani, A., 2009. Petroleum geology of Tunisia: A renewed synthesis. ETAP, Tunis, 220 p.

[Michard and Piqué, 1980] Michard, A., Piqué, A., 1980. The Variscan Belt in Morocco: Structure and developmental model, in: Wones, D., (Ed.), The Caledonides in the U.S.A., Virginia Polytechn. Inst. State Univ. Blacksburgh, Mem. 2, 317–322.

[Michard et al., 1982] A. Michard; A. Yazidi; F. Benziane; H. Hollard; S. Willefert Foreland thrusts and olistostromes on the pre-saharian margin of the variscan orogen, Morocco, Geology, Volume 10 (1982), pp. 253-256

[Michard et al., 1989] A. Michard; Y. Cailleux; C. Hoepffner L’orogène mésétien du Maroc : structure, déformation hercynienne et déplacements. In: Le Maroc et l’orogénie paléozoïque. Actes Symp. PICG 27, Rabat 1983, Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc, Volume 335 (1989), pp. 313-327

[Michard et al., 2008] A. Michard; C. Hoepffner; A. Soulaimani; L. Baidder The Variscan Belt (A. Michard; O. Saddiqi; A. Chalouan; D. Frizon de Lamotte, eds.), Continental Evolution: The Geology of Morocco, Springer Verlag, 2008, pp. 65-131

[Ouali et al., 2003] H. Ouali; B. Briand; J.L. Bouchardon; P. Capiez Le volcanisme cambrien du Maroc Central : implications géodynamiques, C. R. Geoscience, Volume 335 (2003), pp. 425-433

[Ouanaimi and Petit, 1992] H. Ouanaimi; J.P. Petit La limite sud de la chaîne hercynienne dans le Haut-Atlas marocain : reconstitution d’un saillant non déformé, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, Volume 163 (1992), pp. 63-72

[Piqué and Michard, 1989] A. Piqué; A. Michard Moroccan Hercynides, a synopsis. The Paleozoic sedimentary and tectonic evolution at the northern margin of west Africa, Am. J. Sci., Volume 289 (1989), pp. 286-330

[Piqué et al., 1991] A. Piqué; J.J. Cornée; J. Muller; J. Roussel The Moroccan Hercynides (R.D. Dallmeyer; J.P. Lécorché, eds.), The West African Orogens and circum Atlantic correlatives, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1991, pp. 229-263

[Pouclet et al., 2008] A. Pouclet; H. Ouazzani; A. Fekkak The Cambrian volcano-sedimentary formations of the westernmost High Atlas (Morocco): Their place in the geodynamic evolution of the West African Palaeo-Gondwana northern margin, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Pub., Volume 297 (2008), pp. 303-327

[Proust et al., 1977] F. Proust; J.P. Petit; P. Tapponnier L’accident du Tizi n’Test et le rôle des décrochements dans la tectonique du Haut Atlas occidental (Maroc), Bull. Soc. Geol. France, Volume 19 (1977), pp. 541-552

[Raddi et al., 2007] Y. Raddi; L. Baidder; A. Michard; M. Tahiri Variscan deformation at the northern border of the West African Craton, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Compression of a mosaic of tilted blocks, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, Volume 178 (2007), pp. 343-352

[Russo and Russo, 1934] P. Russo; L. Russo Le grand accident sud-atlasien, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, Volume 4 (1934) no. 5, pp. 375-384

[Schiavo et al., 2007] A. Schiavo; K. Taj Eddine; A. Algouti; M. Benvenuti; G.V. Dal Piaz; A. Eddebbi; A. El Boukhari; N. Laftouhi; M. Massironi; G. Moratti; H. Ouanaimi; G. Pasquarè; D. Visonà Carte Géologique du Maroc au 1/50 000, feuille Imtir – Notice explicative, Notes Mem. Serv. Geol. Maroc 518 bis (2007), p. 96

[Simancas et al., 2005] J.F. Simancas; A. Tahiri; A. Azor; F. González-Lodeiro; D.J. Martinez Poyatos; H. El Hadi The tectonic frame of the Variscan-Alleghanian orogen in southern Europe and northern Africa, Tectonophysics, Volume 398 (2005), pp. 181-198

[Simancas et al., 2009] J.F. Simancas; A. Azor; D.J. Martínez Poyatos; A. Tahiri; H. El Hadi; F. González -Lodeiro; A. Pérez-Estaún; R. Carbonell Tectonic relationships of Southwest Iberia with the allochthons of Northwest Iberia and the Moroccan Variscides, C. R. Geoscience, Volume 341 (2009), pp. 103-113

[Soualhine et al., 2003] S. Soualhine; J. Tejera de León; C. Hoepffner Les faciès sédimentaires carbonifères de Tisdafine (Anti-Atlas oriental) : remplissage deltaïque d’un bassin en « pull-apart » sur la bordure méridionale de l’Accident sud-atlasique, Bull. Inst. Sci. Rabat, Volume 25 (2003), pp. 31-41

[Soulaimani and Burkhard, 2008] Soulaimani, A., Burkhard, M., 2008. The Anti-Atlas chain (Morocco): The southern margin of the Variscan belt along the edge of the West African Craton, in: Ennih, N., Liégeois, J.P. (Eds), Geol.Soc.London, Spec. Publ. 297, 433–452.

[Soulaimani et al., 2003] A. Soulaimani; A. Piqué; M. Bouabdelli L’extension continentale au Protérozoïque terminal-Cambrien basal dans l’Anti-Atlas (Maroc), Bull. Soc. Geol. France, Volume 174 (2003), pp. 83-92

[Tahiri and El Hassani, 1994] Tahiri, A., El Hassani, A., 1994. L’Ordovicien du Maroc central septentrional, in: El Hassani, A., Piqué, A., Tahiri, A. (Eds), Le Massif Central marocain et la Meseta orientale, Bull. Inst. Sci. Rabat, vol. spec. 18, 32–37.

[Wendt, 1985] J. Wendt Disintegration of the continental margin of north-western Gondwana: Late Devonian of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco), Geology, Volume 13 (1985), pp. 815-818

[Zahraoui, 1994] Zahraoui, M., 1994. Le Dévonien inférieur et moyen, in: El Hassani, A., Piqué, A., Tahiri, A. (Eds), Le Massif Central marocain et la Meseta orientale, Bull. Inst. Sci. Rabat, vol. spec. 18, 43–56.


DOI of the original article: doi:10.1016/j.crte.2008.11.003.

Commentaires - Politique