Glass

Glass, neither liquid nor solid, shares the properties of both of these states, in a frozen disorder sometimes still difficult to understand. Corresponding to the fourth state of matter according to a proposal by Park and Huffman in 1926, it still poses many questions to scientists while accompanying us in our daily lives for over 10,000 years. First used in its natural form, obsidian, as a tool since the Neolithic period, its elaboration developed about 5,000 years ago between Mesopotamia and Egypt for aesthetic purposes: glass beads and other jewels probably allowed our distant ancestors to lift their spirits.

Glass then contributed greatly to the improvement of our living conditions, both for the packaging of food (facilitating its preservation and transportation) and for the realization of the first electric light bulbs, allowing millions of schoolchildren to stop studying by candlelight!

This material, one of the most important, versatile and transformative in history, is today a fundamental element in many fields, and also has an infinite capacity to be recycled. Glass as a material thus represents a major asset to meet many technical and industrial challenges, some of which are closely linked to the energy transition:

textile fiber used for car shells as well as for the construction of wind turbines;
display panels, photovoltaic panels, screens, and ultra-fine glass sensors;
optical fibers carrying information and energy;
glazing and insulation;
inerting of waste;
storage of large quantities of energy by means of glass batteries;
etc.

Glass is also a major asset in healthcare, in the form of bioactive glass, sensors, dental or bone implants, and other pharmaceutical applications to repair and rebuild humans.

Glasses are usually formed by rapid cooling of a liquid, but it is possible to make an almost infinite number of glasses, with all the elements of the periodic table and whatever the chemical bonds. So glass is not just the material we use in our daily lives, but rather a disordered state of matter.

This collection of articles published in several different series of the Comptes Rendus aims to make the reader discover that glass corresponds to a state of matter and is a multifaceted material. The variety of disciplines involved echoes this versatility.

Daniel R. Neuville, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris

	Glass as a biomaterial: strategies for optimising bioactive glasses for clinical applications Delia S. Brauer; Leena Hupa Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-13
	Structure from glass to melt: a case study along the MgSiO3–CaSiO3 join using neutron and X-ray diffraction Laurent Cormier; Louis Hennet; Gerald Lelong; Gabriel J. Cuello; Alexei Bytchkov Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-20
	Insights from the quantitative calibration of an elasto-plastic model from a Lennard-Jones atomic glass David Fernández Castellanos; Stéphane Roux; Sylvain Patinet Comptes Rendus. Physique, Tome 22 (2021) p. 135-162
	The rose of the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris: sophisticated stained glasses for late medieval painters Myrtille Odile Jacqueline Yvonne Hunault; Fanny Bauchau; Karine Boulanger; Michel Hérold; Georges Calas; Quentin Lemasson; Claire Pacheco; Claudine Loisel Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-20
	Vitrification of wastes: from unwanted to controlled crystallization, a review John S. McCloy; Sophie Schuller Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-40
	Redox behavior of degassing magmas: critical review and comparison of glass-based oxybarometers with application to Etna volcano Roberto Moretti Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-31
	Water solution mechanism in calcium aluminosilicate glasses and melts: insights from in and ex situ Raman and 29Si NMR spectroscopy Charles Le Losq; Bjorn O. Mysen; George D. Cody Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-27
	Sourcing obsidian from Tell Aswad and Qdeir 1 (Syria) by SEM-EDS and EDXRF: Methodological implications Marie Orange; TristanCarter; François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec Comptes Rendus. Palevol, Tome 12 (2013) p. 173-180
	Blade production and the consumption of obsidian in Stentinello period Neolithic Sicily Kyle P. Freund; Robert H.Tykot; A.Vianello Comptes Rendus. Palevol, Tome 14 (2015) p. 216-217
	Relation between mechanical response of reinforced elastomers and dynamics of confined polymer chains Helene Montes; Francois Lequeux Comptes Rendus. Physique, Tome 22 (2021) p. 33-50
	The photocatalytic degradation of a binary textile dyes mixture within a new configuration of loop reactor using ZnO thin film-phytotoxicity control Sonia Cherif; Pierre Bonnet; Lawrence Frezet; Abdoulaye Kane; Aymen Amine Assadi; Mohamed Trari; Hynda Yazid; Hayet Djelal Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 25 (2022) p. 261-279
	Challenges and opportunities in atomistic simulations of glasses: a review Han Liu; Zhangji Zhao; Qi Zhou; Ruoxia Chen; Kai Yang; Zhe Wang; Longwen Tang; Mathieu Bauchy Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-43
	Thio and selenosilicates, sulfide and selenide counterparts of silicates: similarities and differences Annie Pradel; Andrea Piarristeguy Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-21
	Distributed fiber optics strain sensors: from long to short distance Wilfried Blanc; Luca Schenato; Carlo Molardi; Luca Palmieri; Andrea Galtarossa; Daniele Tosi Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-23
	Rheological changes in melts and magmas induced by crystallization and strain rate Francesco Vetere; Gianluca Iezzi; Diego Perugini; Francois Holtz Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Tome 354 (2022) p. 1-22
	Toward glasses with better indentation cracking resistance Tanguy Rouxel; Pathikumar Sellappan; Fabrice Célarié; Patrick Houizot; Jean-Christophe Sanglebœuf Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Tome 342 (2014) p. 46-51
	Consistency of the free-volume approach to the homogeneous deformation of metallic glasses Marc Blétry; Minh Thanh Thai; Yannick Champion; Loïc Perrière; Patrick Ochin Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Tome 342 (2014) p. 311-314
	Elastic properties of glasses: a multiscale approach Tanguy Rouxel Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Tome 334 (2006) p. 743-753
	Chalcogenide glasses and glass-ceramics: Transparent materials in the infrared for dual applications Laurent Calvez Comptes Rendus. Physique, Tome 18 (2017) p. 314-322.
	Dynamics of cracks in disordered materials Daniel Bonamy Comptes Rendus. Physique, Tome 18 (2017) p. 297-313.
	Importance of oxidoreduction phenomena in glass Marie-Hélène Chopinet, Dominica Lizarazu, Cécile Rocanière Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 939-949.
	Compositional effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in tellurite glasses Shaoxiong Shena, Animesh Jhaa, Edward Zhang, Steve J. Wilson Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 921-938.
	Scandium fluorophosphate glasses: a structural approach Marcelo Nalin, Sidney José Lima Ribeiro, Younès Messaddeq, José Schneider, Pedro Donoso Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 915-920.
	Infrared glass fibers for in-situ sensing, chemical and biochemical reactions David Le Coq, Karine Michel, Julie Keirsse, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Gilles Fonteneau, Bruno Bureau, Jean-Michel Le Quéré, Olivier Sire, Jacques Lucas Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 907-913.
	Preparation of zinc sodium polyphosphates glasses from coacervates precursors. Characterisation of the obtained glasses, and their applications Grégoire Willot, François Gomez, Pierre Vasta, Véronique Andries, Marco Martines, Younès Messaddeq, Marcel Poulain Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 899-906.
	Frequency upconversion in rare-earth doped fluoroindate glasses Cid B. de Araújo, Glauco S. Maciel, Leonardo de S. Menezes, Nikifor Rakov, Edilson L. Falcão-Filho, Vladimir A. Jerez, Younès Messaddeq Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 885-898.
	Applications of chalcogenide glass optical fibers Jas S. Sangher, L. Brandon Shaw, Ishwar D'Aggarwal Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 873-883.
	Clustering of rare earths in GeAs sulfide glass Bruce G. Aitken, Carl W. Ponader, Richard S.Quimby Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 865-872.
	From gel to glass Jean Phalippou Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 855-863.
	Rare-earth-doped transparent glass ceramics M. Clara Gonçalves, Luís F. Santos, Rui M. Almeida Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 845-854.
	Structure–property relationships in multicomponent oxide glasses Georges Calas, Laurent Cormier, Laurence Galoisy, Patrick Jollivet Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 831-843.
	Network entropy and connectivity: the underlying factors determining compositional trends in the glass-transition temperature Matthieu Micoulaut Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 825-830.
	Rare-earth-doped glasses for fiber amplifiers in broadband telecommunication Setsuhisa Tanabe Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 815-824.
	Compositional effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in tellurite glasses Shaoxiong Shena, Animesh Jhaa, Edward Zhang, Steve J. Wilson Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 921-938.
	Scandium fluorophosphate glasses: a structural approach Marcelo Nalin, Sidney José Lima Ribeiro, Younès Messaddeq, José Schneider, Pedro Donoso Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 915-920.
	Infrared glass fibers for in-situ sensing, chemical and biochemical reactions David Le Coq, Karine Michel, Julie Keirsse, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Gilles Fonteneau, Bruno Bureau, Jean-Michel Le Quéré, Olivier Sire, Jacques Lucas Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 907-913.
	Preparation of zinc sodium polyphosphates glasses from coacervates precursors. Characterisation of the obtained glasses, and their applications Grégoire Willot, François Gomez, Pierre Vasta, Véronique Andries, Marco Martines, Younès Messaddeq, Marcel Poulain Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 899-906.
	Frequency upconversion in rare-earth doped fluoroindate glasses Cid B. de Araújo, Glauco S. Maciel, Leonardo de S. Menezes, Nikifor Rakov, Edilson L. Falcão-Filho, Vladimir A. Jerez, Younès Messaddeq Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 885-898.
	Applications of chalcogenide glass optical fibers Jas S. Sangher, L. Brandon Shaw, Ishwar D'Aggarwal Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 873-883.
	Clustering of rare earths in GeAs sulfide glass Bruce G. Aitken, Carl W. Ponader, Richard S.Quimby Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 865-872.
	From gel to glass Jean Phalippou Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 855-863.
	Rare-earth-doped transparent glass ceramics M. Clara Gonçalves, Luís F. Santos, Rui M. Almeida Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 845-854.
	Structure–property relationships in multicomponent oxide glasses Georges Calas, Laurent Cormier, Laurence Galoisy, Patrick Jollivet Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 831-843.
	Network entropy and connectivity: the underlying factors determining compositional trends in the glass-transition temperature Matthieu Micoulaut Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 825-830.
	Rare-earth-doped glasses for fiber amplifiers in broadband telecommunication Setsuhisa Tanabe Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 815-824.
	Photoinduced fluidity in chalcogenide glasses Keiji Tanaka Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 805-811.
	Solvent properties of glass melts: resemblance to aqueous solutions John A. Duffy, Malcolm D. Ingram Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 797-804.
	Novel structural behaviour of iron in alkali–alkaline-earth–silica glasses Paul A. Bingham, John M. Parker, Tim Searle, John M. Williams, Ian Smith Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 787-796.
	Glass sintering with concurrent crystallization Miguel Oscar Prado, Edgar Dutra Zanotto Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 773-786.
	Crystal growth and classical nucleation theory Michael C. Weinberg, W. Howard Poisl, Laszlo Granasy Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 765-771.
	Tin ions in float glass cause anomalies Günther Heinz Frischat Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 759-763.
	Structure and properties of glasses in the system Li2O–SnO–B2O3 Akitoshi Hayashi, Miyuki Nakai, Masahiro Tatsumisago, Tsutomu Minami Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 751-757.
	1.3-μm-emission properties and local structure of Dy3+ in chalcohalide glasses Jong Heo Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 739-749.
	Alkali and alkali–lead oxynitride phosphate glasses: a comparative structural study by NMR and XPS Francisco Muñoz, Luis Pascual, Alicia Durán, Jean Rocherullé, Roger Marchand Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 731-738.
	Spectral migration of excitation energy among Nd3+ ions in fluoroarsenate glasses Rolindes Balda, Luis Maria Lacha, Maria Angeles Arriandiaga, Joaquin Fernández, Jean-Luc Adam Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 725-729.
	Nanoscale phase separation effects near and 2.67, and rigidity transitions in chalcogenide glasses Punit Boolchand, Daniel G. Georgiev, Tao Qu, Fei Wang, Liuchun Cai, Swapnajit Chakravarty Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 713-724.
	Optical properties and redox state of silicate glass melts Anne Jans Faber Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 705-712.
	A survey of transition-metal-containing phosphate glasses Cyrille Mercier, Gérard Palavit, Lionel Montagne, Claudine Follet-Houttemane Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 693-703.
	UV-absorption and radiation effects in different glasses doped with iron and tin in the ppm range Doris Ehrt Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 679-692.
	Vapour-phase deposition of multicomponent fluoride glasses Brigitte Boulard, Youping Gao Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Tome 5 (2002) p. 675-678.