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Comptes Rendus

Plant biology and pathology / Biologie et pathologie végétales
Differential responses in water use efficiency in two varieties of Catharanthus roseus under drought stress
Comptes Rendus. Biologies, Volume 331 (2008) no. 1, pp. 42-47.

Résumé

Two varieties, rosea and alba, of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. were screened for their water use efficiency under two watering regimes, viz. 60 and 100% filed capacity in the present study. Drought stress was imposed at 60% filed capacity from 30 to 70 days after sowing, while the control pots were maintained at 100% filed capacity throughout the entire growth period. Leaf area duration, cumulative water transpired, water use efficiency, net assimilation rate, mean transpiration rate, harvest index, biomass and yield under the water deficit level were measured from both stressed and well-watered control plants. Water use efficiency significantly increased in both varieties under water stress. Drought stress decreased leaf area duration, cumulative water transpired, net assimilation rate, mean transpiration rate, harvest index, and biomass yield in both varieties studied. Among the varieties, rosea variety showed the best results.

Métadonnées
Reçu le :
Accepté le :
Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crvi.2007.11.003
Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, Drought, Water use efficiency, Net assimilation rate, Leaf area duration, Biomass yield, Gravimetric method, WUE, HI, TE, CRBD, ROS, CWT, LAD, MTR, NAR, TDM, DM

Cheruth Abdul Jaleel 1 ; Ragupathi Gopi 1 ; Beemarao Sankar 1 ; Muthiah Gomathinayagam 1 ; Rajaram Panneerselvam 1

1 Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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     title = {Differential responses in water use efficiency in two varieties of {\protect\emph{Catharanthus} roseus} under drought stress},
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Cheruth Abdul Jaleel; Ragupathi Gopi; Beemarao Sankar; Muthiah Gomathinayagam; Rajaram Panneerselvam. Differential responses in water use efficiency in two varieties of Catharanthus roseus under drought stress. Comptes Rendus. Biologies, Volume 331 (2008) no. 1, pp. 42-47. doi : 10.1016/j.crvi.2007.11.003. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/biologies/articles/10.1016/j.crvi.2007.11.003/

Version originale du texte intégral

Le texte intégral ci-dessous peut contenir quelques erreurs de conversion par rapport à la version officielle de l'article publié.

1 Introduction

Water is one of the most important ecological factors determining crop growth and development; water deficit plays a very important role in inhibiting the yields of crops [1]. Water-limited crop production depends on the intensity and on the pattern of drought, which vary from year to year. In some temperate environments, however, there is a high probability that crop water deficit increase in severity as the season progresses, due to lack of rainfall and to the high evaporative demand [2]. An efficient use of limited water resources and better growth under limited water supply are desirable traits for crops in drought environments. Crop production and sustainable development are severely constrained by water limitations during the growing season [3]. In recent years, many studies about the effects of supplemental irrigation on yield performance and water use efficiency (WUE) have shown that proper supplemental irrigation can increase crop yield by significantly improving soil water conditions and their WUE [4]. Improving the efficiency of water use in agriculture is associated with increasing the fraction of the available water resources that is transpired, because of the unavoidable association between yield and water use [5,6].

Drought stress occurs when the available water in the soil is reduced and atmospheric conditions cause continuous loss of water by transpiration or evaporation. One way to ensure future food needs of the increasing world populations should involve a better use of water by the development of crop varieties that need lesser amounts of water and that are more tolerant to drought [7]. Water-stress tolerance is seen in all plant species, but its extent varies from species to species. Although the general effects of drought on plant growth in crop plants are fairly well known [8,9], the primary effects of water deficit on medicinal plants are not well understood [10].

A better understanding of the physiological strategy adopted by a drought-resistant variety to cope with water deficit requires thorough study of the relationship between WUE and transpiration. In crops, the detrimental effects of water deficits on the harvest index (HI) also minimize the impact of the water limitation on crop productivity and increase the efficiency of water use [4]. Therefore, transpiration efficiency (TE) and HI are three important avenues for the importance of agricultural productivity. Additionally, the aerial environment plays a role in determining the carbon-gain-to-water-use ratio, because the vapour pressure deficits between the leaf and the air determine the transpiration rate [11]. WUE is the ability of the crop to produce biomass per unit of water transpired, and HI is the fraction of total dry matter harvested as yield. The efficiency for producing dry matter per unit of absorbed water, and the ability to allocate an increased proportion of the biomass into grains are also important factors. In this scenario, WUE, transpiration efficiency, and HI can be regarded as important adaptive traits to drought environment.

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. is one of the most important medicinal plants and is also an ornamental bedding plant belonging to the family Apocyanaceae. Two distinct varieties based on the flower colour exist in C. roseus viz., the pink-flowered rosea and the white-flowered alba [12]. C. roseus plant got commercial importance due to the presence of medicinally important alkaloids and also by its ornamental value [13]. Previous works revealed the influences of triadimefon on the antioxidant metabolism and ajmalicine production [14], on the paclobutrazol-mediated growth regulation [15], on salinity problems [16] and salt-stress protection by paclobutrazol [17] in C. roseus. The present study was made to check the WUE under drought condition in C. roseus varieties (rosea and alba) by the gravimetric method.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Seed Collection and pot culture

The seeds of both varieties of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. (Family: Apocynaceae) were collected in the Botanical Garden of the Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India. The experiments were conducted at the botanical Garden and the Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India. The seeds were surface sterilized with a 0.2% mercuric chloride (HgCl2) solution for five minutes, with frequent shaking, and were thoroughly washed with tap water. The experiments were carried out in plastic pots by the gravimetric method. The pots were washed thoroughly with tap water and holes were made near the bottom of the containers. The weights of the empty pots were recorded, and they were filled with 10 kg of uniform soil mixture containing red soil, sand, and farmyard manure (FYM) in 1:1:1 ratio. The pot culture studies were conducted to measure the WUE and other related parameters more precisely under two different moisture levels. The pots were maintained under rainout shelter (ROS).

2.2 Plant cultivation and stress induction

Six seeds were planted in each pot and watered to FC to facilitate germination. On the 15th day after sowing (DAS), the seedlings were thinned to two healthy plants per pot. Plants were watered daily until the 30th DAS. On the 30th DAS, all pots were saturated with water and any excess was allowed to drain. Treatments were imposed from the 30th to the 70th DAS. All pots were watered to initial weight with ground water on every other day to maintain 60 and 100% FC. The exposed soil surface was covered with pieces of polythene to minimize soil evaporation. Water loss was determined by weighing the pots daily using an electronic weighing device. One pot from each replication was kept with soil and plastic mulch, but without plants, for monitoring soil evaporation in the absence of the plants. The experiment was terminated on the 70th DAS. The principle of the determination of the water-use efficiency by this technique consists in assessing the increase in biomass during a particular growth stage (30th to 70th DAS) and the cumulative water transpired (CWT) during this period as per Udayakumar et al. [18].

2.3 Analysis of various parameters

The observations recorded during the pot-culture experiment were CWT, leaf area duration (LAD), mean transpiration rate (MTR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and WUE. The biomass accumulated during the treatment period (30th and 70th DAS) was computed as the difference in the initial and final dry matter and expressed as gm plan−1. LAD was measured as LAD=(L1+L2)/2×days, where L1 is the initial leaf area and L2 is the leaf area at the end of the treatment period. The amount of water added daily to each pot after weighing to bring back to 100% FC was summated individually for each pot during the treatment period. The transpiration rate over the entire experimental period was measured as MTR. MTR was obtained by computing the CWT-to-LAD ratio and expressed as ml of water dm−2 leaf area day−1. Measurement of WUE by gravimetric approach involves the measurement of the dry matter accumulated over a specific period of time and the total water transpired by the plant during the same period. NAR was determined as the ratio of total dry matter (TDM) during the treatment period to LAD and expressed in dm−2 day−1. Individual plants were separated into stems, leaves and roots. The plants parts were dried at 70 °C for 2 days, then weighed. Dry matter (DM), NAR, CWT, MTR, LAD, WUE (ratio of the dry matter to the total water applied), and HI (ratio of grain yield to dry matter) were determined.

2.4 Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The values are mean ± SD for seven samples in each group. P values ⩽0.05 were considered as significant.

3 Results and discussion

Drought stress (60% FC) decreased the LAD on 70 DAS when compared to control (100% FC) in both varieties (Figs. 1 and 2). Among these varieties, alba had a reduced LAD. LAD was reduced under drought condition in higher plants [19–21]. The CWT level decreased in both varieties under drought stress (Fig. 3). Among the varieties, rosea showed a lower level of transpiration rate. A higher level of transpiration rate occurred in alba. These results are similar to those reported for other plant species, like cowpea cultivars, and in many tree species found to have a higher mean stomata frequency on the lower side than on the upper side of their leaves, which leads to reduced transpiration [22,23].

Fig. 1

Effect of drought-stress-induced changes in whole-plant dry weight of rosea and alba varieties of Catharanthus roseus. Values are given as mean ± SD of seven samples in each group. Bar values that are not sharing a common superscript (a, b) differ significantly at p⩽0.05 (DMRT).

Fig. 2

Leaf area duration (dm2 day−1) during the pot culture experimental growth period in two moisture regimes in Catharanthus roseus varieties on 70 days. Values are given as mean ± SD of seven samples in each group. Bar values that are not sharing a common superscript (a, b) differ significantly at p⩽0.05 (DMRT).

Fig. 3

Cumulative water transpired (kg plant−1) during the pot culture experimental growth period in two moisture regimes in Catharanthus roseus varieties during 70 days. Values are given as mean ± SD of seven samples in each group. Bar values that are not sharing a common superscript (a, b) differ significantly at p⩽0.05 (DMRT).

Water deficit at 60% FC decreased the MTR in both varieties when compared to control (Fig. 4). Among these varieties, rosea showed a very low level of mean transpiration. Under drought conditions, the mean transpiration rate decreased in both varieties studied when compared to control. Among the varieties, rosea showed very low and high level of MTR under drought conditions. The mean transpiration rate was found to be decreased in Vigna unguiculata [24]. The fact that transpiration at the end of the stress period was not significantly affected by water stress despite the reduction of stomatal conductance is a surprising result. This could be due to the fact that a reduced stomatal conductance also increases leaf temperatures and leaf-to-air vapour pressure differences, which both counteract the decrease in leaf conductance [25]. This counteracting effect will be highest when leaf boundary conductance is low, ambient temperature is high and air humidity is low [26]; when these conditions are even only partly met, transpiration efficiency (TE) rather than transpiration is more likely to reflect WUE (Fig. 5), as shown in spring wheat cultivars grown under water-stress conditions. On the other hand, transpiration was quantified in saturating CO2 conditions, which may mitigate the effect of water stress on stomatal resistance [27].

Fig. 4

Mean transpiration rate (water loss leaf area−1) during the pot culture experimental growth period in two moisture regimes in Catharanthus roseus varieties during 70 days. Values are given as mean ± SD of seven samples in each group. Bar values that are not sharing a common superscript (a, b) differ significantly at p⩽0.05 (DMRT).

Fig. 5

Water use efficiency (g DW kg−1 H2O) during the pot culture experimental growth period in two moisture regimes in Catharanthus roseus varieties during 70 days. Values are given as mean ± SD of seven samples in each group. Bar values that are not sharing a common superscript (a, b) differ significantly at p⩽0.05 (DMRT).

Drought stress caused decreased dry weight in both varieties of C. roseus. The rosea variety was the highest responder to water stress when compared to control on 70 DAS. A decrease in the plant biomass and the dry weight was found in many previous works in various plants [28]. The decrease in total dry weight may be due to the considerable decrease in plant growth, photosynthesis and canopy structure, as indicated by leaf senescence during drought stress [29–32].

The fact that the two varieties investigated in the present work exhibited some contrasting physiological properties may help to evaluate the relative importance of these properties in terms of whole plant response. The two varieties were studied in terms of water consumption at end of the experiment. A significant varietal difference was observed under different moisture levels. The genotypic difference may play an important role in the WUE variation found in the two varieties [6,33]. Many previous investigations reported increased water use efficiency in different plant species [2,34,35]. The NAR decreased in all the drought-stressed C. roseus varieties (Fig. 6). Among the varieties, rosea showed the highest NAR. The NAR was relatively lower in drought-stress conditions in cluster bean [36]. The decrease in NAR strongly indicated a stomatal closure factor for reduction in the presence of an increased level of stress [37]. Water stress leads to a decline in net photosynthesis and an alteration of the chloroplast capacity [5,38]. The HI (Fig. 7) decreased on the 70th DAS in all the bhendi varieties when compared to control (100% FC). The reduction in HI was reported in many previous investigations on drought-stress influence [24,39,40]. Drought-stressed plants significantly reduced their fruits' dry matter, and this is possibly due to a source limitation resulting from large carbon demands under water-stress-induced limitations on photosynthesis [41].

Fig. 6

Net assimilation rate (μg cm−2 day−1) during the pot culture experimental growth period in two moisture regimes in Catharanthus roseus varieties during 70 days. Values are given as mean ± SD of seven samples in each group. Bar values that are not sharing a common superscript (a, b) differ significantly at p⩽0.05 (DMRT).

Fig. 7

Harvest index (g/g) during the pot culture experimental growth period in two moisture regimes in Catharanthus roseus varieties on 70 days. Values are given as mean ± SD of seven samples in each group. Bar values that are not sharing a common superscript (a, b) differ significantly at p⩽0.05 (DMRT).

4 Conclusion

The LAD, CWT, NAR, MTR and HI decreased under a drought stress of 60% FC in both varieties. Among the varieties, the highest WUE was recorded in rosea, and the lowest WUE was found in the alba variety. From the results of this investigation, it can be concluded that the rosea variety of Catharanthus roseus is well suited for commercial cultivation in water-deficit areas; hence its higher alkaloid and antioxidant potentials were already proved [14]. However, the data presented here reflect the importance of a physiological analysis of plant response to water deficit stress, which must accompany field experiments and evaluation. Further investigations are required to ascertain this conclusion.


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  • Qingqing Ye; Na Zhang; Xin Tan; Li Yang; Ning Ding; Wei Zhou; Zhikun Wu Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of root responses in Indigofera stachyodes seedlings under drought stress: a medicinal plant native to karst mountainous regions, Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 16 (2025) | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2025.1607789
  • Nitin T. Gore; Ganesh D. Mankar; Sumaiya S. Shaikh; Rajkumar B. Barmukh; Pankaj S. Mundada; Suraj D. Umdale; Gayacharan; Nikhil B. Gaikwad; Tukaram D. Nikam; Vitthal T. Barvkar; Mahendra L. Ahire Multifaceted Traits of Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Vigna Species: A Study of Section Aconitifoliae from India, Journal of Crop Health, Volume 77 (2025) no. 3 | DOI:10.1007/s10343-025-01158-0
  • Cheng Wang; Anni Sun; Li jie Zhu; Min Liu; Qi Zhang; Liwei Wang; Xining Gao Drought and rewatering effects on soybean photosynthesis, physiology and yield, PeerJ, Volume 13 (2025), p. e19658 | DOI:10.7717/peerj.19658
  • Yuanxi Liu; Jianli Sun; Cefeng Dai; Guanben Du; Rui Shi; Junwen Wu Physiological and Biochemical Adaptations to Repeated Drought–Rehydration Cycles in Ochroma lagopus Swartz: Implications for Growth and Stress Resilience, Plants, Volume 14 (2025) no. 11, p. 1636 | DOI:10.3390/plants14111636
  • M. C. Oguz; M. Yildiz Gamma Irradiation-Induced Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Physiological and Biochemical Responses, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, Volume 72 (2025) no. 4 | DOI:10.1134/s1021443725600503
  • S. Bibi; S. Ullah; Aqsa Hafeez; M. N. Khan; M. A. Javed; B. Ali; I. U. Din; S. A. K. Bangash; S. Wahab; N. Wahid; F. Zaman; S. K. Alhag; I. H. A. Abd. El-Rahim; A. E. Ahmed; S. Selim Exogenous Ca/Mg quotient reduces the inhibitory effects of PEG induced osmotic stress on Avena sativa L., Brazilian Journal of Biology, Volume 84 (2024) | DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.264642
  • Lungyina B. Meru; Rajiv Pandey Climate change ecological vulnerability and hotspot analysis of himalayan forests in North-Eastern region, India, Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, Volume 24 (2024), p. 100472 | DOI:10.1016/j.indic.2024.100472
  • Rosalin Laishram; Minakshi Dutta; C. R. Nagesh; J. Sushmitha; Nand Lal Meena Effect on Morphology, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Plants Under Different Stresses, Molecular Dynamics of Plant Stress and its Management (2024), p. 159 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-97-1699-9_7
  • Xiaotong Chen; Zhaohui Chen; Andrew Fiorentino; Morgan Kuess; Nishanth Tharayil; Rohit Kumar; Elizabeth Leonard; Rooksana Noorai; Qian Hu; Hong Luo MicroRNA169 integrates multiple factors to modulate plant growth and abiotic stress responses, Plant Biotechnology Journal, Volume 22 (2024) no. 9, p. 2541 | DOI:10.1111/pbi.14367
  • SAJ Quazi; J ferdous; HB Shozib; A Khaton; Najam Waris Zaidi Role of Trichoderma asperelloides and Trichoderma brevicompactum in improving drought tolerance in rice, Plant Stress, Volume 12 (2024), p. 100457 | DOI:10.1016/j.stress.2024.100457
  • Triparna Sett; Bhaskar R. Nikam; Hukum Singh; Saurabh Purohit Hydrological Variability in Indian Forest Ecosystem: Analysis of Drought Resilience, Recovery and Water Use Efficiency in Moist and Dry Deciduous Forests, Urban Forests, Climate Change and Environmental Pollution (2024), p. 793 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-67837-0_37
  • Mitali Mahajan; Probir Kumar Pal Drought and salinity stress in medicinal and aromatic plants: Physiological response, adaptive mechanism, management/amelioration strategies, and an opportunity for production of bioactive compounds, Volume 182 (2023), p. 221 | DOI:10.1016/bs.agron.2023.06.005
  • Sabina Thaler; Eva Pohankova; Josef Eitzinger; Petr Hlavinka; Matěj Orság; Vojtěch Lukas; Martin Brtnický; Pavel Růžek; Jana Šimečková; Tomáš Ghisi; Jakub Bohuslav; Karel Klem; Mirek Trnka Determining Factors Affecting the Soil Water Content and Yield of Selected Crops in a Field Experiment with a Rainout Shelter and a Control Plot in the Czech Republic, Agriculture, Volume 13 (2023) no. 7, p. 1315 | DOI:10.3390/agriculture13071315
  • Orawan Kumdee; Md. Samim Hossain Molla; Kulwadee Kanavittaya; Jutamas Romkaew; Ed Sarobol; Sutkhet Nakasathien Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Maize Hybrids under Recurrent Water Stress at Early Vegetative Stage, Agriculture, Volume 13 (2023) no. 9, p. 1795 | DOI:10.3390/agriculture13091795
  • Piotr Ogrodowicz; Maria Katarzyna Wojciechowicz; Anetta Kuczyńska; Paweł Krajewski; Michał Kempa The Effects of Growth Modification on Pollen Development in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance, Cells, Volume 12 (2023) no. 12, p. 1656 | DOI:10.3390/cells12121656
  • Parul Sharma; Nita Lakra; Alisha Goyal; Yogesh K. Ahlawat; Abbu Zaid; Kadambot H. M. Siddique Drought and heat stress mediated activation of lipid signaling in plants: a critical review, Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 14 (2023) | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2023.1216835
  • Raheela Waheed; Farah Deeba; Faisal Zulfiqar; Anam Moosa; Muhammad Nafees; Muhammad Ahsan Altaf; Muhammad Arif; Kadambot H. M. Siddique Physiology and growth of newly bred Basmati rice lines in response to vegetative-stage drought stress, Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 14 (2023) | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2023.1172255
  • Islam M. Y. Abdellatif; Shaoze Yuan; Shizue Yoshihara; Takuya Suzaki; Hiroshi Ezura; Kenji Miura Stimulation of Tomato Drought Tolerance by PHYTOCHROME A and B1B2 Mutations, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 24 (2023) no. 2, p. 1560 | DOI:10.3390/ijms24021560
  • Adnan Altaf; Fahim Nawaz; Sadia Majeed; Muhammad Ahsan; Khawaja Shafique Ahmad; Gulzar Akhtar; Muhammad Asif Shehzad; Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed; Muhammad Farman Foliar humic acid and salicylic acid application stimulates physiological responses and antioxidant systems to improve maize yield under water limitations, JSFA reports, Volume 3 (2023) no. 3, p. 119 | DOI:10.1002/jsf2.106
  • Yousef Sohrabi; Khalid M. Omer; Majed Yazdani; Firuze Sharifi Kalyani The effect of nano-fertilizer of paulownia on morpho-physiological traits and dry matter yield of basil under different irrigation levels, Journal of Plant Nutrition, Volume 46 (2023) no. 9, p. 1868 | DOI:10.1080/01904167.2022.2105711
  • Sushil S. Changan; Vaibhav Kumar; Aruna Tyagi Expression pattern of candidate genes and their correlation with various metabolites of abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway under drought stress in rice, Physiologia Plantarum, Volume 175 (2023) no. 6 | DOI:10.1111/ppl.14102
  • Md. Samim Hossain Molla; Orawan Kumdee; Arunee Wongkaew; Phanuphong Khongchiu; Nattaporn Worathongchai; Md. Robiul Alam; Abdullah-Al Mahmud; Sutkhet Nakasathien Potentiality of Sustainable Maize Production under Rainfed Conditions in the Tropics by Triggering Agro-Physio-Biochemical Traits Ascertained from a Greenhouse, Plants, Volume 12 (2023) no. 24, p. 4192 | DOI:10.3390/plants12244192
  • Sonia; Nisha Kumari; Hemanthkumar Manne; Minakshi Jattan; Babita Rani; Sushil; Ravika; Ram Avtar; Jyothi Duhan; Shweta; Anubhuti Sharma Insights in Metabolomics Responses to Drought and Salinity Stress in Crop Plants, Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Plants (2023), p. 221 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-99-4669-3_12
  • Pingying Zhang; Xiaoyue Cui; Chengcheng Chen; Jianxia Zhang Overexpression of the VyP5CR gene increases drought tolerance in transgenic grapevine (V. vinifera L.), Scientia Horticulturae, Volume 316 (2023), p. 112019 | DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112019
  • Girija Prasad Patnaik; V. Monisha; N. Thavaprakaash; M. Djanaguiraman; S. Sachin; Kannamreddy Vikram; Thaimadam Girwani; M. Jeeva; M. Monicaa; Likhit Patnaik; Biswaranjan Behera; Kancheti Mrunalini; G. Srinivasan; Mude Ashok Naik; S. V. Varshini; S. Sapthagiri Selenium Application Improves Drought Tolerance during Reproductive Phase of Rice, Sustainability, Volume 15 (2023) no. 3, p. 2730 | DOI:10.3390/su15032730
  • Wubetie A. Wassie; Animut M. Andualem; Abiyu E. Molla; Zelalem G. Tarekegn; Mersha W. Aragaw; Misganaw T. Ayana; Yasemin Kavdir Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses of Ethiopian Red Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Cultivars to Drought Stress, The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2023 (2023), p. 1 | DOI:10.1155/2023/4374318
  • Ningning Zhao; Xingrong Sun; Shuai Hou; Guohao Chen; He Zhang; Yuxin Han; Jie Zhou; Xiangtao Wang; Zhixin Zhang N Addition Mitigates Water Stress via Different Photosynthesis and Water Traits for Three Native Plant Species in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Agriculture, Volume 12 (2022) no. 11, p. 1873 | DOI:10.3390/agriculture12111873
  • Chenggong Liu; Na Duan; Xiaona Chen; Huiqing Li; Xiulian Zhao; Puzeng Duo; Ji Wang; Qinghe Li Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Drought Stress Response of Nitraria tangutorum as Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis, Forests, Volume 13 (2022) no. 4, p. 509 | DOI:10.3390/f13040509
  • Nisreen A. AL-Quraan; Nezar H. Samarah; Ayah A. Tanash; Muhammad Waseem Effect of drought stress on wheat (Triticum durum) growth and metabolism: insight from GABA shunt, reactive oxygen species and dehydrin genes expression, Functional Plant Biology, Volume 51 (2022) no. 1 | DOI:10.1071/fp22177
  • Wenqi Ouyang; Limiao Chen; Junkui Ma; Xiaorong Liu; Haifeng Chen; Hongli Yang; Wei Guo; Zhihui Shan; Zhonglu Yang; Shuilian Chen; Yong Zhan; Hengbin Zhang; Dong Cao; Xinan Zhou Identification of Quantitative Trait Locus and Candidate Genes for Drought Tolerance in a Soybean Recombinant Inbred Line Population, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 23 (2022) no. 18, p. 10828 | DOI:10.3390/ijms231810828
  • Heba Talat Ebeed; Hanan Sayed Ali Salicylic‐Acid Mediated Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms in Plants Under Drought Stress, Managing Plant Stress Using Salicylic Acid (2022), p. 208 | DOI:10.1002/9781119671107.ch12
  • A. Bhattacharya Effect of Low-Temperature Stress on Germination, Growth, and Phenology of Plants: A Review, Physiological Processes in Plants Under Low Temperature Stress (2022), p. 1 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-16-9037-2_1
  • Muthiah Joe Virgin Largia; Jeyabalan Shilpha; Lakkakula Satish; Mallappa Kumara Swamy; Manikandan Ramesh Elicitation: An Efficient Strategy for Enriched Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites, Phytochemical Genomics (2022), p. 477 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-19-5779-6_19
  • Ayushi Sharma; Usha; Saurabh Gupta; Kundan Kumar Chaubey; Shoor Vir Singh An Overview of Microbial-Mediated Alleviation of Abiotic Stress Response in Plant, Plant Stress Mitigators (2022), p. 581 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-16-7759-5_28
  • Mirela Irina Cordea; Orsolya Borsai Salt and Water Stress Responses in Plants, Plant Stress Physiology - Perspectives in Agriculture, Volume 11 (2022) | DOI:10.5772/intechopen.101072
  • Saima Liaqat; Shreya Chhabra; Peer Saffeullah; Noushina Iqbal; Tariq O. Siddiqi Role of Potassium in Drought Adaptation: Insights into Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Plants, Role of Potassium in Abiotic Stress (2022), p. 143 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-16-4461-0_7
  • Ying Liu; Peng Li; Qing Liu; Yunxia Wang; Xiaoyang Xu Quantification of Carbon-Water Dynamics in Plant – Soil Feedbacks Under Drought Stress Following a Double Isotope-Labelled Pulse Experiment, SSRN Electronic Journal (2022) | DOI:10.2139/ssrn.4129814
  • Min Li; Meng Zhang; Lin Cheng; Limin Yang; Mei Han Changes in the Platycodin Content and Physiological Characteristics during the Fruiting Stage of Platycodon grandiflorum under Drought Stress, Sustainability, Volume 14 (2022) no. 10, p. 6285 | DOI:10.3390/su14106285
  • V Vuksanović; B Kovačević; S Stojnić; M Kebert; L Kesić; V Galović; S Orlović Variability of tolerance of Wild cherry clones to PEG-induced osmotic stress in vitro, iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 15 (2022) no. 4, p. 265 | DOI:10.3832/ifor4033-015
  • Shayla Bindra; Inderjit Singh; Satinder Singh; Ashutosh Kushwah; B. S. Gill; Sonia Salaria; Karan Kapoor; Satvir Kaur Grewal; C. Bharadwaj; Harsh Nayyar; Sarvjeet Singh Use of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits to identify sources of drought and heat tolerance in chickpea (, Crop and Pasture Science, Volume 72 (2021) no. 10, p. 801 | DOI:10.1071/cp21189
  • Alessandra Francini; Stefania Toscano; Daniela Romano; Francesco Ferrini; Antonio Ferrante Biological Contribution of Ornamental Plants for Improving Slope Stability along Urban and Suburban Areas, Horticulturae, Volume 7 (2021) no. 9, p. 310 | DOI:10.3390/horticulturae7090310
  • Minsu Kim; Chaewon Lee; Subin Hong; Song Lim Kim; Jeong-Ho Baek; Kyung-Hwan Kim High-Throughput Phenotyping Methods for Breeding Drought-Tolerant Crops, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 22 (2021) no. 15, p. 8266 | DOI:10.3390/ijms22158266
  • Manoj Kumar Solanki; Prem Lal Kashyap; Baby Kumari; Rizwan Ali Ansari; Aisha Sumbul; Rose Rizvi; Irshad Mahmood Mycorrhizal fungi and its importance in plant health amelioration, Microbiomes and Plant Health (2021), p. 205 | DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-819715-8.00006-9
  • Sashi Sonkar; Laxuman Sharma; Rishi Kumar Singh; Brijesh Pandey; Saurabh Singh Rathore; Akhilesh Kumar Singh; Paras Porwal; Sujeet Pratap Singh Plant Stress Hormones Nanobiotechnology, Nanobiotechnology (2021), p. 349 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-73606-4_15
  • I. SHAFIQ; S. HUSSAIN; B. HASSAN; A. RAZA; I. AHMAD; M.A. ASGHAR; Z. WANG; T. TAN; S. LI; X. TAN; A. GHAFOOR; A. MANAF; M. ANSAR; F. YANG; W. YANG Crop responses and management strategies under shade and drought stress, Photosynthetica, Volume 59 (2021) no. 4, p. 664 | DOI:10.32615/ps.2021.057
  • Anil Kumar; Varun Kumar; Arvind Kumar Dubey; Mohd Akram Ansari; Shiv Narayan; Meenakshi; Sanoj Kumar; Vivek Pandey; Veena Pande; Indraneel Sanyal Chickpea glutaredoxin (CaGrx) gene mitigates drought and salinity stress by modulating the physiological performance and antioxidant defense mechanisms, Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, Volume 27 (2021) no. 5, p. 923 | DOI:10.1007/s12298-021-00999-z
  • Md. Rezwan Molla; Md. Motiar Rohman; Mahmuda Binte Monsur; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Lutful Hassan Screening and Assessment of Selected Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage, Phyton, Volume 90 (2021) no. 5, p. 1425 | DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015591
  • Kehinde A. Adeboye; Olusegun A. Oduwaye; Isaac O. Daniel; Mamadou Fofana; Mande Semon Characterization of flowering time response among recombinant inbred lines of WAB638-1/PRIMAVERA rice under reproductive stage drought stress, Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, Volume 19 (2021) no. 1, p. 1 | DOI:10.1017/s1479262121000010
  • Muhammad Nazim; Muqarrab Ali; Khurram Shahzad; Fiaz Ahmad; Fahim Nawaz; Muhammad Amin; Shazia Anjum; Omaima Nasif; Sulaiman Ali Alharbi; Shah Fahad; Subhan Danish; Rahul Datta Kaolin and Jasmonic acid improved cotton productivity under water stress conditions, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Volume 28 (2021) no. 11, p. 6606 | DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.043
  • Amitav Bhattacharya Effect of Soil Water Deficits on Plant–Water Relationship: A Review, Soil Water Deficit and Physiological Issues in Plants (2021), p. 1 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-33-6276-5_1
  • Amitav Bhattacharya Effect of Soil Water Deficit on Growth and Development of Plants: A Review, Soil Water Deficit and Physiological Issues in Plants (2021), p. 393 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-33-6276-5_5
  • Kiarash Jamshidi Goharrizi; Geoffrey Meru; Sepideh Ghotbzadeh Kermani; Ali Heidarinezhad; Fatemeh Salehi Short-term cold stress affects physiological and biochemical traits of pistachio rootstocks, South African Journal of Botany, Volume 141 (2021), p. 90 | DOI:10.1016/j.sajb.2021.04.029
  • Bizuayehu Desta; Netsanet Tena; Getachew Amare; Antonio Ferrante Growth and Bulb Yield of Garlic as Influenced by Clove Size, The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2021 (2021), p. 1 | DOI:10.1155/2021/7351873
  • Debabrata Panda; Prafulla K. Behera; Swati S. Mishra Glutathione transport and compartmentation during abiotic stress conditions, Transporters and Plant Osmotic Stress (2021), p. 113 | DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-817958-1.00010-4
  • Atiyeh Oraee; Ali Tehranifar; Ahmad Nezami; Mahmoud Shoor The effects of three levels of irrigation water on the improvement of cold tolerance of acclimated viola, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, Volume 42 (2020) no. 7 | DOI:10.1007/s11738-020-03095-z
  • Yujie Bai; Tianshan Zha; Charles P.-A. Bourque; Xin Jia; Jingyong Ma; Peng Liu; Ruizhi Yang; Cheng Li; Tao Du; Yajuan Wu Variation in ecosystem water use efficiency along a southwest-to-northeast aridity gradient in China, Ecological Indicators, Volume 110 (2020), p. 105932 | DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105932
  • Khushbu Kumari; Zaira Khalid; Shahrukh Nawaj Alam; Sweta; Bhaskar Singh; Abhishek Guldhe; D. K. Shahi; Kuldeep Bauddh Biochar Amendment in Agricultural Soil for Mitigation of Abiotic Stress, Ecological and Practical Applications for Sustainable Agriculture (2020), p. 305 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-15-3372-3_14
  • Raiza Castillo-Argaez; Bruce Schaffer; Aime Vazquez; Leonel D.S.L. Sternberg Leaf gas exchange and stable carbon isotope composition of redbay and avocado trees in response to laurel wilt or drought stress, Environmental and Experimental Botany, Volume 171 (2020), p. 103948 | DOI:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103948
  • Sulandjari; A T Sakya; D H Prahasto The application of phosphorus and potassium to increase drought tolerance in Pereskia bleo (Kunt) DC with proline and antioxidant indicators, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 423 (2020) no. 1, p. 012055 | DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/423/1/012055
  • Mediline Goboza; Mervin Meyer; Yapo G. Aboua; Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju In Vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Different Extracts of Catharanthus roseus and Its Indole Alkaloid, Vindoline, Molecules, Volume 25 (2020) no. 23, p. 5546 | DOI:10.3390/molecules25235546
  • Seyed Saeid Hojjat Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Germination and Growth Characteristics of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Seed under Drought Stress, Nanotechnologies in Russia, Volume 15 (2020) no. 2, p. 204 | DOI:10.1134/s199507802002010x
  • Elham Nouri; Mohammad Matinizadeh; Alireza Moshki; Aliasghar Zolfaghari; Saeede Rajaei; Martina Janoušková Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit drought-stressed Salsola laricina, Plant Ecology, Volume 221 (2020) no. 8, p. 683 | DOI:10.1007/s11258-020-01042-z
  • Adegbehingbe Felix Taiwo; Olumide Daramola; Mounirou Sow; Vimal Kumar Semwal Ecophysiology and Responses of Plants Under Drought, Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives I (2020), p. 231 | DOI:10.1007/978-981-15-2156-0_8
  • Hafiz Athar Hussain; Shengnan Men; Saddam Hussain; Qingwen Zhang; Umair Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmad Anjum; Iftikhar Ali; Longchang Wang Maize Tolerance against Drought and Chilling Stresses Varied with Root Morphology and Antioxidative Defense System, Plants, Volume 9 (2020) no. 6, p. 720 | DOI:10.3390/plants9060720
  • Santanu Samanta; Ankur Singh; Aryadeep Roychoudhury Involvement of Sulfur in the Regulation of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress (2020), p. 437 | DOI:10.1002/9781119552154.ch22
  • Stefanie Pflug; Bernard R. Voortman; Jan-Philip M. Witte Technical Note: A Device to Directly Measure Transpiration from Vegetation Grown in Containers, Water, Volume 12 (2020) no. 2, p. 355 | DOI:10.3390/w12020355
  • Zahra Nazemi Rafi; Fatemeh Kazemi; Ali Tehranifar Effects of various irrigation regimes on water use efficiency and visual quality of some ornamental herbaceous plants in the field, Agricultural Water Management, Volume 212 (2019), p. 78 | DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2018.08.012
  • S. Álvarez; M.J. Gómez-Bellot; J.R. Acosta-Motos; M.J. Sánchez-Blanco Application of deficit irrigation in Phillyrea angustifolia for landscaping purposes, Agricultural Water Management, Volume 218 (2019), p. 193 | DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2019.03.049
  • Itikarlapalli Venkata Satya Naga Prathyusha; Kolluru Viswanatha Chaitanya Effect of water stress on the physiological and biochemical responses of two differentColeus (Plectranthus)species, Biologia Futura (2019), p. 1 | DOI:10.1556/019.70.2019.35
  • Shagufta Perveen; Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad Saeed; Naeem Iqbal; Sara Zafar; Tehmina Mumtaz Cysteine-induced alterations in physicochemical parameters of oat (Avena sativaL. var. Scott and F-411) under drought stress, Biologia Futura, Volume 70 (2019) no. 1, p. 16 | DOI:10.1556/019.70.2019.03
  • Anket Sharma; Babar Shahzad; Vinod Kumar; Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli; Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu; Aditi Shreeya Bali; Neha Handa; Dhriti Kapoor; Renu Bhardwaj; Bingsong Zheng Phytohormones Regulate Accumulation of Osmolytes Under Abiotic Stress, Biomolecules, Volume 9 (2019) no. 7, p. 285 | DOI:10.3390/biom9070285
  • Naeem Khan; Asghari Bano Growth and Yield of Field Crops Grown Under Drought Stress Condition Is Influenced by the Application of PGPR, Field Crops: Sustainable Management by PGPR, Volume 23 (2019), p. 337 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-30926-8_12
  • Francisco J. Canales; Kerstin A. Nagel; Carmen Müller; Nicolas Rispail; Elena Prats Deciphering Root Architectural Traits Involved to Cope With Water Deficit in Oat, Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 10 (2019) | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2019.01558
  • Sarah Osama; Moshera El Sherei; Dalia A. Al-Mahdy; Mokhtar Bishr; Osama Salama Effect of Salicylic acid foliar spraying on growth parameters, γ-pyrones, phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of drought stressed Ammi visnaga L. plant, Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 134 (2019), p. 1 | DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.035
  • Summiya Faisal; S. M. Mujtaba; Asma; Wajid Mahboob Polyethylene Glycol Mediated Osmotic Stress Impacts on Growth and Biochemical Aspects of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Volume 22 (2019) no. 3, p. 213 | DOI:10.1007/s12892-018-0166-0
  • R Khademian; M Ghorbani Nohooji; B Asghari Effect of Jasmonic Acid on Physiological and Phytochemical Attributes and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficient, Journal of Medicinal Plants, Volume 4 (2019) no. 72, p. 122 | DOI:10.29252/jmp.4.72.122
  • Chanda Bano; Nimisha Amist; N. B. Singh Morphological and Anatomical Modifications of Plants for Environmental Stresses, Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress (2019), p. 29 | DOI:10.1002/9781119463665.ch2
  • Aakansha Chadha; Singarayer K. Florentine; Bhagirath S. Chauhan; Benjamin Long; Mithila Jayasundera; Jose Luis Gonzalez-Andujar Influence of soil moisture regimes on growth, photosynthetic capacity, leaf biochemistry and reproductive capabilities of the invasive agronomic weed; Lactuca serriola, PLOS ONE, Volume 14 (2019) no. 6, p. e0218191 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0218191
  • M. Heidari; N. Amirfazli; H. Ghorbani; F. Zafarian Calcium Chloride and Drought Stress Changed Grain Yield and Physiological Traits in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, Volume 50 (2019) no. 4, p. 211 | DOI:10.2478/sab-2019-0029
  • Fang Li; Jie Deng; Clement Nzabanita; Yanzhong Li; Tingyu Duan Growth and physiological responses of perennial ryegrass to an AMF and an Epichloë endophyte under different soil water contents, Symbiosis, Volume 79 (2019) no. 2, p. 151 | DOI:10.1007/s13199-019-00633-3
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