L’optique adaptative, installée sur tous les très grands télescopes astronomiques, permet de s’affranchir des limitations imposées par les perturbations de la turbulence atmosphérique. Cet article présente l’état de l’art du domaine pour les applications astronomiques et comment l’optique adaptative a révolutionné l’observation astronomique depuis le sol ces vingt dernières années en relevant d’innombrables défis scientifiques et techniques. Nous présentons enfin comment le concept va être appliqué, à l’horizon 2030 sur les futurs télescopes géants afin de répondre à certaines des questions les plus fondamentales de l’astronomie concernant la naissance de l’univers ou l’existence de la vie hors du système solaire.
Adaptive optics (AO), now installed on all the astronomical ground-based telescopes, make it possible to overcome the angular resolution limitations imposed by atmospheric turbulence. This article presents the state-of-the-art in the field of astronomical applications, and shows how adaptive optics has revolutionized ground-based astronomical observation over the last twenty years, overcoming countless scientific and technical challenges. Finally, we present how the concept will be applied, by 2030, on future giant telescopes to answer some of astronomy’s most fundamental questions concerning the birth of the universe or the existence of life outside the solar system.
Accepté le :
Première publication :
Publié le :
Keywords: Astronomy, Telescope, Turbulence, Adaptive optics, Wave-front sensing
Thierry Fusco 1
@article{CRMECA_2023__351_S4_81_0, author = {Thierry Fusco}, title = {Optique adaptative et telescopes geants}, journal = {Comptes Rendus. M\'ecanique}, pages = {81--89}, publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris}, volume = {351}, number = {S4}, year = {2023}, doi = {10.5802/crmeca.218}, language = {fr}, }
Thierry Fusco. Optique adaptative et telescopes geants. Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Volume 351 (2023) no. S4, pp. 81-89. doi : 10.5802/crmeca.218. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/mecanique/articles/10.5802/crmeca.218/
[1] Optical resolution through a randomly inhomogeneous medium for very long and very short exposures, J. Opt. Soc. Am., Volume 56 (1966), pp. 1372-1379 | DOI
[2] The possibility of compensating astronomical seeing, Pub. Astron. Soc. Pacific, Volume 65 (1953), pp. 229-236 | DOI
[3] et al. First diffraction-limited astronomical images with adaptive optics, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 230 (1990), pp. 29-32
[4] Optique adaptative : correction des effets de la turbulence atmosphérique sur les images astronomiques, C. R. Phys., Volume 23 (2022), pp. 1-52
[5] et al. NAOS, the first AO system of the VLT : on sky performance, Adaptive Optical System Technology II (P. L. Wizinowich; D. Bonaccini, eds.) (Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng.), Volume 4839, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2002, pp. 140-149 | DOI
[6] et al. SPHERE : the exoplanet imager for the very large telescope, Astron. Astrophys., Volume 631 (2019), A155
[7] et al. High-order adaptive optics requirements for direct detection of extrasolar planets : application to the SPHERE instrument, Opt. Express, Volume 14 (2006) no. 17, pp. 7515-7534 | DOI
[8] SPHERE-SAXO : optique adaptative extrême pour la détection de planètes extrasolaires, Photoniques, Volume 75 (2015), pp. 34-37 | DOI
[9] Closed-loop experimental validation of the spatially filtered Shack–Hartmann concept, Opt. Lett., Volume 30 (2005) no. 11, pp. 1255-1257 | DOI
[10] First laboratory validation of vibration filtering with LQG control law for adaptive optics, Opt. Express, Volume 16 (2008) no. 1, pp. 87-97 | DOI
[11] Calibration and precompensation of noncommon path aberrations for extreme adaptive optics, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Volume 24 (2007) no. 8, pp. 2334-2346 | DOI
[12] General formalism for Fourier-based wave front sensing : application to the pyramid wave front sensors, J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst., Volume 3 (2017) no. 1, 019001
[13] The European extremely large telescope (E-ELT), The Messenger, Volume 127 (2007), pp. 11-19
[14] et al. MICADO : first light imager for the E-ELT, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI (C. J. Evans; L. Simard; H. Takami, eds.), Volume 9908, SPIE, Edinburgh, UK, 2016
[15] et al. The adaptive optics modes for HARMONI : from classical to laser assisted tomographic AO, Proceedings Adaptive Optics Systems V (E. Marchetti; L. M. Close; J.-P. Véran, eds.), Volume 9909, SPIE, Edinburgh, UK
[16] et al. Status of the mid-infrared E-ELT imager and spectrograph METIS, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V, SPIE, 2016
[17] et al. MAORY : adaptive optics module for the E-ELT, Adaptive Optics Systems V (E. Marchetti; L. M. Close; J.-P. Véran, eds.), Volume 9909, International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2016
[18] et al. Single conjugate adaptive optics for METIS, Adaptive Optics Systems VI (L. M. Close; L. Schreiber; D. Schmidt, eds.), Volume 10703, SPIE, Austin, USA, 2018 | DOI
[19] Instrumentation for ESO Extremely Large Telescope (M. Lyubenova; G. A. J. Hussain, eds.), 182, European Southern Observatory, ESO, Garching bei Munchen, Germany, 2021 https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.182-mar21/messenger-no182-38-43.pdf
Cité par Sources :
Commentaires - Politique