[De l’électroculture à la plasma-agriculture : un arc de trois siècles reliant l’héritage de Bertholon aux avancées contemporaines en agriculture]
This review traces the historical trajectory of electricity in agriculture, from the earliest observations of electrical phenomena to the emergence of cold plasmas. Looking back to Antiquity and then to the Enlightenment, it underlines Abbé Bertholon’s 18th-century efforts to channel atmospheric electricity to stimulate crops, using devices such as the electro-végétomètre. Although these early electroculture experiments relied on neither quantitative dosimetry nor rigorous methodology, they foreshadowed the idea of a controlled transfer of electrical energy to plants. Then the review examines the historical development of galvanism, electrochemistry, and the physics of gaseous discharges throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, which collectively laid the foundations for contemporary cold-plasma technologies. In the 21st century, plasma agriculture has emerged as an interdisciplinary approach integrating electrical, chemical, radiative, thermal, and fluid-mechanical effects. Applications include seed treatment (preconditioning, seed priming), stimulation of plant growth, soil and water treatment, and decontamination of agri-food products. The review thus reassesses Abbé Bertholon’s contributions as those of a methodological precursor and shows how his intuition of a “vivifying electricity” resonates with modern cold-plasma science. Finally, it argues that plasma agriculture can transform an Enlightenment intuition into a reproducible experimental framework for sustainable agriculture and food safety.
Cette revue retrace la trajectoire historique de l’électricité en agriculture, depuis les premières observations des phénomènes électriques jusqu’à l’émergence des plasmas froids. En remontant à l’Antiquité puis au Siècle des Lumières, elle met en lumière les efforts de l’abbé Bertholon au XVIIIe siècle pour canaliser l’électricité atmosphérique afin de stimuler les cultures, au moyen de dispositifs tels que l’électro-végétomètre. Bien que ces premières expériences d’électroculture ne reposent ni sur une dosimétrie quantitative ni sur une méthodologie rigoureuse, elles préfigurent l’idée d’un transfert contrôlé d’énergie électrique vers les plantes. Le récit suit ensuite l’essor du galvanisme, de l’électrochimie et de la physique des décharges dans les gaz aux XIXe et XXe siècles, jusqu’à l’émergence des technologies de plasma froid. Cette revue permet de mettre en avant qu’au XXIe siècle, l’agriculture plasma apparaît comme une solution interdisciplinaire, intégrant des effets électriques, chimiques, radiatifs, thermiques et de mécanique des fluides. Les applications couvrent le traitement des semences (préconditionnement, amorçage des semences), la stimulation de la croissance végétale, le traitement des sols et de l’eau, ainsi que la décontamination des produits agroalimentaires. Cette revue réévalue ainsi les apports de l’abbé Bertholon comme précurseur méthodologique, et montre comment son intuition d’une « électricité vivifiante » trouve un écho dans la science moderne des plasmas froids. Enfin, elle défend l’idée que l’agriculture plasma peut transformer une intuition des Lumières en un cadre expérimental reproductible, pour une agriculture durable et la sécurité alimentaire.
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Mots-clés : Électroculture, Agriculture plasma, Plasma froid atmosphérique, Abbé Bertholon, Espèces réactives de l’oxygène et de l’azote, Amorçage des semences, Agriculture durable
Thierry Dufour 1
CC-BY 4.0
@article{CRMECA_2026__354_G1_89_0,
author = {Thierry Dufour},
title = {From electroculture to plasma agriculture: a three-century arc bridging {Bertholon{\textquoteright}s} legacy with contemporary farming advances},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. M\'ecanique},
pages = {89--116},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
volume = {354},
doi = {10.5802/crmeca.331},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Thierry Dufour TI - From electroculture to plasma agriculture: a three-century arc bridging Bertholon’s legacy with contemporary farming advances JO - Comptes Rendus. Mécanique PY - 2026 SP - 89 EP - 116 VL - 354 PB - Académie des sciences, Paris DO - 10.5802/crmeca.331 LA - en ID - CRMECA_2026__354_G1_89_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Thierry Dufour %T From electroculture to plasma agriculture: a three-century arc bridging Bertholon’s legacy with contemporary farming advances %J Comptes Rendus. Mécanique %D 2026 %P 89-116 %V 354 %I Académie des sciences, Paris %R 10.5802/crmeca.331 %G en %F CRMECA_2026__354_G1_89_0
Thierry Dufour. From electroculture to plasma agriculture: a three-century arc bridging Bertholon’s legacy with contemporary farming advances. Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Volume 354 (2026), pp. 89-116. doi: 10.5802/crmeca.331
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