Flapping instability of a liquid jet

Jean-Philippe Matas; Alain Cartellier

doi:10.1016/j.crme.2012.10.006

Combustion, flow and spray dynamics for aerospace propulsion

Flapping instability of a liquid jet
[Instabilité de flapping dʼun jet liquide]

Jean-Philippe Matas ¹ ; Alain Cartellier ¹

¹ LEGI–CNRS–université de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France

Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Combustion, spray and flow dynamics for aerospace propulsion, Volume 341 (2013) no. 1-2, pp. 35-43.

Résumé
Abstract

Nous étudions lʼinstabilité de flapping observée lors de lʼatomisation incomplète dʼun jet liquide par un cocourant gaz : le jet liquide non atomisé se déstabilise sur une échelle grande par rapport à son rayon, et se brise en fragments liquides. Nous caractérisons dans un premier temps cette instabilité en mesurant sa fréquence, sa symétrie, et la répartition spatiale du liquide quʼelle entraîne. La longueur du cône liquide est mesurée en fonction des vitesses gaz et liquide, et sʼavère significativement plus longue que celle prédite par Raynal (1997) pour une couche de mélange plane. La fréquence de lʼinstabilité est mesurée par une méthode spectrale, et sʼavère proche de celle observée pour lʼinstabilité de cisaillement, mais légèrement inférieure. Lʼinstabilité a une symétrie plane, et non hélicoïdale, et semble ainsi sʼapparenter au flapping dʼune nappe liquide atomisée par deux nappes parallèles gaz. Le plan de lʼinstabilité est par contre orienté de façon aléatoire. Nous proposons un scénario pour le mécanisme de cette instabilité, en nous basant sur lʼinstabilité des modes non axisymétriques de lʼinstabilité de cisaillement. Nous caractérisons ensuite les tailles de gouttes produites lorsque lʼinstabilité de flapping est présente, par visualisation et traitement dʼimage : les distributions de tailles de gouttes mesurées se rapprochent des distributions observées en atomisation plane pour des conditions de faible vitesse gaz (décroissance lente aux grandes tailles de gouttes). Le diamètre moyen des gouttes ne dépend que faiblement de la vitesse du jet liquide, et décroit en $d_{10} \sim U_{g}^{0, 9}$ . Le diamètre de sauter dépend par contre fortement de la vitesse liquide.

We study the flapping instability observed when a liquid jet is incompletely atomized by a fast parallel gas stream: the remaining liquid jet is destabilized over a scale large compared with its radius, and breaks into liquid fragments. We characterize the symmetry of this instability and its frequency. The intact liquid length is measured as a function of gas and liquid velocity, and turns out to be longer than the one predicted by Raynal (1997) for a planar mixing layer. The frequency of the instability is measured with a spectral method, and is in agreement with the frequency observed for the planar shear instability, though slightly smaller. The planar, and not helical, symmetry of the instability makes it akin to a flapping instability, observed when a planar liquid sheet is atomized by two planar gas streams. We next measure drop sizes when the flapping instability is present, with a method based on image processing. Measured size distributions are in agreement with distributions observed in a mixing layer geometry for low gas velocities (long tail distribution). The mean drop diameter depends weakly on liquid velocity, and decreases as $d_{10} \sim U_{g}^{0.9}$ . On the contrary, Sauter diameter depends strongly on liquid velocity.

Publié le : 2013-01-01

DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2012.10.006

Keywords: Instability, Drop formation, Atomization
Mots-clés : Instabilité, Formation de gouttes, Atomisation

Affiliations des auteurs :

Jean-Philippe Matas ¹ ; Alain Cartellier ¹

¹ LEGI–CNRS–université de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France

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Jean-Philippe Matas; Alain Cartellier. Flapping instability of a liquid jet. Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Combustion, spray and flow dynamics for aerospace propulsion, Volume 341 (2013) no. 1-2, pp. 35-43. doi : 10.1016/j.crme.2012.10.006. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/mecanique/articles/10.1016/j.crme.2012.10.006/

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