[Le CMB A, B, C, , W et au-delà (P !)]
Dans cette note d'introduction pour le volume des Comptes Rendus Physique, je décris l'ABC de la physique du fond de rayonnement fossile à 3K (CMB) qui explique pourquoi les observations très précises du spectre du CMB ainsi que de sa structure spatiale constituent un outil unique pour déterminer les paramètres cosmologiques globaux et pour simultanément contraindre la physique de l'univers primordial. Puis, je rappelle succintement les nombreuses expériences, Archeops, Boomerang, COBE mais aussi DASI, CBI, MAXIMA, pour n'en nommer que quelques unes, qui ont mesuré les anisotropies du CMB et ont permis des avancées cruciales en cosmologie observationnelle. La série de nouveau résultats à un rythme assez frénétique a récemment culminée avec le satellite WMAP qui a confirmé les mesures précédentes, établit de nouveaux standards de précision, et suggéré que l'Univers a pu être réionisé plus tôt que prévu. Beaucoup d'autres expériences sont en cours ou à venir, dont le satellite Planck à l'horizon 2007 qui devrait extraire des anisotropies de température toute l'information cosmologique utilisable, et apporter une contribution fondamentale à la mesure de la polarisation du CMB.
In this introductory note to the issue of the Comptes Rendus Physique, I describe the ABC of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) physics, which explains why high accuracy observations of the CMB spectrum and of its spatial structure are unique tools for the determination of the global cosmological parameters and for simultaneously constraining the physics of the early universe. I also briefly survey the many experiments, Archeops, Boomerang, COBE but also DASI, CBI, MAXIMA, to name but a few, which have measured the anisotropies of the CMB and led to crucial advances in observational cosmology. The somewhat frantic series of new results has recently culminated with the outcome of the WMAP satellite, which confirmed earlier results, set new standards of accuracy, and suggested that the Universe may have re-ionised earlier than anticipated. Many more CMB experiments are currently taking data or being planned, with the Planck satellite on the 2007 Horizon poised to extract all the cosmological information in the temperature anisotropies, and foray deeply into polarisation.
Mot clés : Anisotropies du fond de rayonnement cosmique, Cosmologie, Univers primordial
François R. Bouchet 1
@article{CRPHYS_2003__4_8_823_0,
author = {Fran\c{c}ois R. Bouchet},
title = {CMB: {A,} {B,} {C,}$ \text{\hspace{0.17em}}\dots \text{\hspace{0.17em}}$, {W} and beyond {(P!)}},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {823--832},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {4},
number = {8},
year = {2003},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2003.10.017},
language = {en},
}
François R. Bouchet. CMB: A, B, C,$ \text{\hspace{0.17em}}\dots \text{\hspace{0.17em}}$, W and beyond (P!). Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 4 (2003) no. 8, pp. 823-832. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2003.10.017. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2003.10.017/
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