The viscoplastic behaviour of ice in polar ice sheets: experimental results and modelling

Maurine Montagnat; Paul Duval

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2004.06.002

The viscoplastic behaviour of ice in polar ice sheets: experimental results and modelling
[Déformation viscoplastique de la glace polaire : résultats des expériences et modélisation]

Présenté par : Guy Laval

Maurine Montagnat ¹ ; Paul Duval ²

¹ Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico chimie des materiaux, BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères cedex, France
² Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement, BP 96, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères cedex, France

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 5 (2004) no. 7, pp. 699-708.

Résumé
Abstract

L'écoulement des calottes polaires dépend largement de la déformation viscoplastique de glaces anisotropes. Les mécanismes physiques contrôlant la déformation du cristal et du polycristal de glace sont discutés. Dans les conditions de faibles contraintes mises en jeu dans les calottes polaires, le paramètre de sensibilité à la contrainte prend une valeur légèrement inférieure à 2 et la déformation est dominée par le glissement des dislocations dans le plan de base. Le grossissement des grains et la recristallisation dynamique contribuent à réduire les inhomogénéités de déformation induites par les incompatibilités de déformation entre les grains. La technique de diffraction des rayons X durs est bien adaptée à l'analyse des gradients d'orientation dans les grains. L'analyse de la structure de la glace des carottes profondes extraites en Antarctique et au Groenland montre des variations importantes de la forme, de la taille et de l'orientation des grains. De fortes variations de la viscosité avec la profondeur sont donc attendues. Les modèles de déformation des polycristaux rendant compte de l'évolution des propriétés rhéologiques des glaces polaires sont discutés. Ces modèles doivent prédire et prendre en compte les hétérogénéités de contrainte et de vitesse de déformation dans les grains.

The slow motion of polar ice sheets is governed by the viscous deformation of anisotropic ices. Physical mechanisms controlling the deformation of ice crystal and polycrystal are reviewed. For the low stress conditions prevailing in ice sheets, the stress exponent of the flow law is lower than 2 and the deformation is dominated by the glide of dislocations on the basal plane. The mismatch of slip at grain boundaries induces large strain inhomogeneities partially relieved in ice sheets by grain growth and recrystallisation. The hard X-ray diffraction technique can be used to describe the orientation gradients within grains. The structure of ice along deep ice cores in Antarctica and Greenland exhibits significant changes in the shape, size and orientation of grains. A large variation of ice viscosity with depth is therefore expected. Polycrystal deformation models accounting for the changing rheological properties of polar ice are discussed. These models must predict and take into account the intracrystalline field heterogeneity.

Publié le : 2004-09-01

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2004.06.002

Keywords: Ice, Polar ice sheets, Creep, Dislocations, Textures
Mot clés : Glace, Calottes polaires, Fluage, Dislocations, Textures

Affiliations des auteurs :

Maurine Montagnat ¹ ; Paul Duval ²

¹ Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico chimie des materiaux, BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères cedex, France
² Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement, BP 96, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères cedex, France

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Maurine Montagnat; Paul Duval. The viscoplastic behaviour of ice in polar ice sheets: experimental results and modelling. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 5 (2004) no. 7, pp. 699-708. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2004.06.002. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2004.06.002/

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