Comptes Rendus
Infrared (2–12 μm) solid-state laser sources: a review
[Sources laser solide infrarouge (2–12 μm) : une revue]
Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 8 (2007) no. 10, pp. 1100-1128.

Le domaine infrarouge est très intéressant pour de nombreuses applications grâce à deux caractéristiques particulières : (i) il contient plusieurs fenêtres de transmission de l'atmosphère, (ii) il correspond à la région ‘d'empreintes digitales’ du spectre électromagnétique où de nombreuses molécules présentent de fortes raies rovibrationnelles d'absorption. Dans de nombreux cas, ces applications (telles que la chirurgie laser, l'analyse de gaz, la détection à distance, la spectrocopie non linéaire, les contre-mesures) nécessitent de disposer de rayonnement cohérent tel que celui émis par une source laser. Dans ce contexte, le choix de la bonne filière est un paramètre clef. En fonction de l'application sélectionnée, il peut être requis que la source délivre un rayonnement accordable, une faible largeur de raie, un faisceau proche de la limite de diffraction, une émission continue ou impulsionnelle, etc. Cet article passe brièvement en revue les principales technologies, restreintes aux sources continues ou impulsionnelles nanoseconde émettant dans l'intervalle 2–12 μm. Les filières technologiques considérées incluent les lasers solide et fibre dopés aux ions terre-rare ou métal de transition, les lasers semi-conducteurs et les sources paramétriques optiques. Les avantages et les inconvénients de ces technologies sont ensuite discutés rapidement dans le contexte de quelques applications sélectionnées.

The infrared domain is very attractive for many applications owing to two unique features: (i) it contains several atmospheric transparency windows, (ii) it corresponds to the ‘molecular fingerprint’ region of the electromagnetic spectrum where various molecules have strong rovibrational absorption lines. In many cases, these applications (e.g. laser surgery, trace gas monitoring, remote sensing, nonlinear spectroscopy, countermeasures, …) require coherent light radiation as the one emitted by a laser source. In this context, the choice of the proper technology is a key issue. Depending on the selected application, it could be required the source to deliver tunable emission, narrow linewidth, nearly diffraction limited beam, pulsed or continuous-wave (CW) radiation, etc. This article briefly reviews the main technologies, restricted to CW and nanosecond pulsed sources emitting in the 2–12 μm range. The technologies considered include rare-earth and transition-metal doped bulk and fiber lasers, semiconductor lasers, and optical parametric sources. Pros and cons of these technologies are then briefly discussed in the context of several selected applications.

Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.010
Keywords: Infrared, Laser, Rare-earth, Transition metal, Semiconductor laser, Quantum cascade laser, Optical parametric source
Mot clés : Infrarouge, Laser, Terre-rare, Métal de transition, Laser à semi-conducteur, Laser à cascade quantique, Source paramétrique

Antoine Godard 1

1 ONERA – Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales, chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau cedex, France
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Antoine Godard. Infrared (2–12 μm) solid-state laser sources: a review. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 8 (2007) no. 10, pp. 1100-1128. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.010. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.09.010/

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[90] J.M. Fukumoto; H. Komine; W.H. Long; E.A. Stappaerts Periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator with intracavity difference frequency mixing (W.R. Bosenberg; M.M. Fejer, eds.), Trends in Optics and Photonics, Advanced Solid-State Lasers, vol. 19, Optical Society of America, 1998, pp. 245-248

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[92] A. Desormeaux; M. Lefebvre; E. Rosencher; J.-P. Huignard Mid-infrared high-resolution absorption spectroscopy by use of a semimonolithic entangled-cavity optical parametric oscillator, Opt. Lett., Volume 29 (2004), pp. 2887-2889

[93] A. Berrou; A. Godard; E. Rosencher; M. Lefebvre; S. Spiekermann Mid-IR entangled-cavity doubly resonant OPO pumped by a micro-laser, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optical Society of America, 2007 (Technical Digest, paper CThL6)

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[98] J. Saikawa; M. Miyazaki; M. Fujii; H. Ishizuki; T. Taira Difference frequency generation in a ZnGeP2 crystal pumped by a large aperture periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 optical parametric system, Advanced Solid-State Photonics 2007, The Optical Society of America, Washington, 2007 (Technical Digest, MB8)

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[108] K.L. Vodopyanov; F. Ganikhanov; J.P. Maffetone; I. Zwieback; W. Ruderman ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillator with 3.8–12.4 μm tunability, Opt. Lett., Volume 25 (2000), pp. 841-843

[109] T.H. Allik; S. Chandra; D.M. Rines; P.G. Schunemann; J.A. Hutchinson; R. Utano Tunable 7–12 μm optical parametric oscillator using a Cr,Er:YSGG laser to pump CdSe and ZnGeP2 crystals, Opt. Lett., Volume 22 (1997), pp. 597-599

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