[Nouvelles perspectives ouvertes par les nouvelles générations de sources neutroniques]
Depuis le début des années cinquante, les progrès cruciaux réalisés dans tous les domaines pour mieux comprendre la matière condensée, reposent essentiellement sur les résultats d'expériences utilisant des faisceaux de neutrons. La diffusion de neutrons est, de manière inhérente, une méthode d'intensité limitée. Après cinquante années de progrès considérables, grâce, surtout, à une amélioration continue des spectromètres, la technique des sources pulsées à spallation arrive à maturité pour ouvrir la voie vers l'obtention de plus de neutrons, à moindre coût et avec une meilleure efficacité en énergie. Une analyse quantitative de la « figure de mérite » des appareils adaptés à une opération sur source pulsée, montre que l'on peut gagner plus de trois ordres de grandeur en intensité dans la prochaine décade, avec l'arrivée des sources à spallation de forte puissance. Les premières étapes sur cette voie, les sources de spallation à pulses courts, de niveau de puissance du MW, SNS aux USA (en cours de mise en service) et le J-Parc au Japon (en construction), seront suivies par la source à spallation européenne à longs pulses, de 5 MW. Les progrès envisageables à plus long terme pourraient permettre de gagner un facteur 10 supplémentaire.
Since the early 1950s the vital multidisciplinary progress in understanding condensed matter is, in a substantial fraction, based on results of neutron scattering experiments. Neutron scattering is an inherently intensity limited method and after 50 years of considerable advance—primarily achieved by improving the scattering instruments—the maturation of the technique of pulsed spallation sources now opens up the way to provide more neutrons with improved cost and energy efficiency. A quantitative analysis of the figure-of-merit of the specialized instruments for pulsed source operation shows that up to 2 orders of magnitude intensity gains can be achieved in the next decade, with the advent of high power spallation sources. The first stations on this road, the MW class short pulse spallation sources SNS in the USA (under commissioning), and J-PARC in Japan (under construction) will be followed by the 5 MW long pulse European Spallation Source (ESS). Further progress, that can be envisaged on the longer term, could amount to as much as another factor of 10 improvement.
Mots-clés : Diffusion neutronique, Sources de neutrons, Sources de neutrons de haute puissance, Sources pulsées, Spallation, Fusion
Ferenc Mezei 1, 2
@article{CRPHYS_2007__8_7-8_909_0,
author = {Ferenc Mezei},
title = {New perspectives from new generations of neutron sources},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {909--920},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {8},
number = {7-8},
year = {2007},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2007.10.003},
language = {en},
}
Ferenc Mezei. New perspectives from new generations of neutron sources. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Neutron scattering: a comprehensive tool for condensed matter research, Volume 8 (2007) no. 7-8, pp. 909-920. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.10.003. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.10.003/
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