Comptes Rendus
no. 7-8
Neutron scattering/Diffusion de neutrons
Neutrons probing the structure and dynamics of liquids
[Les neutrons sondent la structure et la dynamique des liquides]
Françoise Leclercq-Hugeux1  ; Marie-Vanessa Coulet2 ; Jean-Pierre Gaspard3 ; Stéphanie Pouget4 ; Jean-Marc Zanotti5
1 LASIR/HEI, UMR 8516 CNRS, 13, rue de Toul, 59046 Lille, France
2 Laboratoire TECSEN – UMR 6122 CNRS Université Paul-Cézanne, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
3 University of Liège, B5, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
4 Service général des rayons X – DRFMC/SP2M, CEA, 38042 Grenoble cedex, France
5 Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (CEA–CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 8 (2007) no. 7-8, pp. 884-908.

Cet article illustre l'apport des méthodes neutroniques à la compréhension de l'état liquide. A la différence du cristal qui présente un ordre presque parfait et du gaz où les particules sont presque indépendantes les unes des autres, le désordre de l'état liquide est partiel et résulte de processus dynamiques intervenant sur des grandes échelles de distances et de temps caractéristiques. En conséquence il n'existe pas de paramètre simple et unique permettant de décrire l'ordre ou le désordre des liquides. La palette des techniques instrumentales de diffusion de neutrons est variée (diffraction, diffusion diffuse, diffusion quasi-élastique et inélastique) et particulièrement bien adaptée pour apporter des éclairages focalisés sur la nature de ce désordre. Nous présentons ici des exemples caractéristiques de types d'interactions différentes ou d'états thermodynamiques typiques de l'état liquide (liquides métalliques, covalents, moléculaires, liquides à l'approche d'une transition de phase, fluides confinés). Pour chacune de ces illustrations nous tenterons d'aborder à la fois les aspects structuraux et dynamiques en relation avec des approches complémentaires utilisant le rayonnement synchrotron (diffraction ou spectroscopies d'absorption) ou les méthodes numériques.

This article illustrates the benefits of neutron techniques to the understanding of the liquid state. As opposed to the nearly complete order of crystals or the nearly complete disorder of gases, a liquid's disorder is partial and results from dynamical events acting on a broad range of space and time scales. Consequently, no single, simple parameter can encompass the concept of order or disorder in the liquid state. The wide variety of neutron techniques (diffraction, quasi-elastic and inelastic scattering) is a key asset to solve the issue. Selected studies ranging over typical interactions and conditions relevant to liquids (metallic, covalent, molecular, liquids near a phase transition and confined fluids) are presented. In each case, both structural and dynamical aspects, along with the connections to complementary techniques (computer simulation, X-ray absorption and/or scattering) are highlighted.

Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.10.008
Keywords: Neutron scattering, Liquid state
Mot clés : Diffusion de neutrons, État liquide

Françoise Leclercq-Hugeux 1 ; Marie-Vanessa Coulet 2 ; Jean-Pierre Gaspard 3 ; Stéphanie Pouget 4 ; Jean-Marc Zanotti 5

1 LASIR/HEI, UMR 8516 CNRS, 13, rue de Toul, 59046 Lille, France
2 Laboratoire TECSEN – UMR 6122 CNRS Université Paul-Cézanne, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
3 University of Liège, B5, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
4 Service général des rayons X – DRFMC/SP2M, CEA, 38042 Grenoble cedex, France
5 Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (CEA–CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France 
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Françoise Leclercq-Hugeux; Marie-Vanessa Coulet; Jean-Pierre Gaspard; Stéphanie Pouget; Jean-Marc Zanotti. Neutrons probing the structure and dynamics of liquids. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 8 (2007) no. 7-8, pp. 884-908. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.10.008. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.10.008/

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