Comptes Rendus
no. 1
Radio sciences and disaster management
[Radios sciences et gestion des catastrophes]
Tullio Joseph Tanzi1  ; François Lefeuvre2
1 Institut Télécom, Télécom ParisTech, LTCI/CNRS, 36, rue Barrault, 75634 Paris cedex 13, France
2 CNRS/LPCE, 3A, avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France
Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 11 (2010) no. 1, pp. 114-124.

Les services de communication radio et d'observations radios sont essentiels dans toutes les phases de gestion de catastrophes. Parmi les programmes à engager pour réduire l'impact des catastrophes naturelles ou induites par l'activité humaine, on examine la possibilité de transferts de résultats d'études fondamentales, conduites dans le domaine des sciences radio, vers la recherche opérationnelle. Deux aspects particuliers sont étudiés : (i) le transfert de techniques de traitement d'images, développées dans d'autres contextes, dans la gestion des risques, et (ii) l'utilisation des connaissances acquises, sur les effets des variations de l'environnement spatial sur la propagation transionosphérique, pour évaluer l'intérêt d'une prise en compte de ces effets dans l'exploitation des services de communication et d'observation radio. On montre que quatre techniques de traitement d'image peuvent être extrêmement utiles à la gestion des catastrophes : le zonage, le comptage d'objets, la détection des routes et autres réseaux, et l'évaluation des dommages qui est le résultat de l'enchaînement de plusieurs traitements radiométrique et géométrique. Une brève revue des effets des variations de l'ionosphère sur la propagation des ondes radio, jusqu'à quelques GHz, permet d'évaluer les impacts potentiels sur les systèmes de communication et montre la nécessité d'introduire des corrections ionosphériques dans plusieurs services d'observation.

Radio communication and observation services are critical at all levels of disaster management. Among the programmes to be introduced to reduce the impact of natural and human induced disasters, potential transfers from basic research in radio science to research in disaster management are examined. Two specific aspects are studied: (i) the transfer of image processing techniques, developed in other contexts, to risk management; and (ii) the use of knowledge gathered on the effects of variations in the space environment on trans-ionospheric propagation, to gauge the interest of integrating those effects into the exploitation of communications and observation systems. Four families of image processing techniques are shown to be particularly useful to the disaster manager: zoning, counting of objects, roads and network detection, and damage assessment resulting from a series of different radiometric and geometric methods. A brief review of the effects of ionospheric variations on radio propagation up to a few GHz shows both the potential impacts of those variations on communication systems and the importance of introducing ionospheric corrections into several observation services.

Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2010.02.002
Keywords: Risk assessment, Remote sensing, Telecommunications
Mot clés : Évaluation du risque, Télédétection, Télécommunications
Tullio Joseph Tanzi 1 ; François Lefeuvre 2

1 Institut Télécom, Télécom ParisTech, LTCI/CNRS, 36, rue Barrault, 75634 Paris cedex 13, France
2 CNRS/LPCE, 3A, avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France 
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Tullio Joseph Tanzi; François Lefeuvre. Radio sciences and disaster management. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 11 (2010) no. 1, pp. 114-124. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2010.02.002. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2010.02.002/

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