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Réflexions sur lʼavenir de lʼénergie nucléaire, de la France dʼaujourdʼhui au monde de demain : IIe à IVe générations
Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 13 (2012) no. 5, pp. 480-518.

Les évènements récents de Fukushima ont mis en lumière des questions de fond qui doivent être prise en compte pour analyser la position de lʼénergie nucléaire dans le mix énergétique à venir, dans le contexte du réchauffement climatique, de lʼépuisement des ressources pétrolières, de lʼexplosion démographique et du développement industriel rapide. On aborde ici ces problèmes du point de vue de la physique ; et sans prétendre proposer des choix définitifs, cet article a pour objectif dʼinformer sur les équipements nécessaires pour bénéficier de lʼénergie de fission, sur les incidents et accidents possibles, sur lʼutilisation militaire des ressources nucléaires. On sʼattachera particulièrement aux questions dʼestimation et de gestion du risque, de prolifération nucléaire, et dʼindépendance énergétique. On insistera tout particulièrement sur le cycle du combustible nucléaire, et sur les implications du développement de la génération IV, et en particulier, des surgénérateurs. Les leçons à tirer de Fukushima, en particulier sur les puissances résiduelles du combustible usagé, et les conséquences sur les différentes échelles de temps pertinentes seront dégagées.

The recent events at the Fukushima power plants (PP) have brought to light key issues which have to be discussed concerning the position of nuclear energy in the energy mix, in the context of global warming, of waning petroleum resources, of an increasing world population, and of its industrial development. These questions are addressed here from the viewpoint of physical facts; and, without proposing definite choices, this article aims to provide information on the equipment required to benefit from the fission chain reaction, while explaining the possible incidents and accidents, and the possible hidden military misuse of nuclear matter. Specific issues, such as risk assessment and risk management, will be considered, under the constraints of dealing with international non-proliferation safeguards and France energy resources independence. A special emphasis will be given on the fuel cycle, on the variety of time scales involved, and on the requirements of developing the next generation of nuclear power plants, and more specifically the fast breeder option. The lessons to be drawn from the Fukushima accident, resulting mainly from the residual power of used fuel and the loss of cooling source, are outlined, and the consequences to be drawn about the various relevant time scales are emphasized.

Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2012.02.001
Mot clés : Nucléaire et cycle du combustible, Sûreté, sécurité, radioprotection, Centrales, MOX, Laboratoires souterrains, Piscines
Keywords: Nuclear energy and nuclear fuel cycle, Safety, Power plants, Plutonium, Underground laboratory, Pools

Robert Dautray 1 ; Jacques Friedel 1 ; Yves Bréchet 1

1 Académie des Sciences, 23 quai Conti, 75006 Paris, France
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Robert Dautray; Jacques Friedel; Yves Bréchet. Réflexions sur lʼavenir de lʼénergie nucléaire, de la France dʼaujourdʼhui au monde de demain : IIe à IVe générations. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 13 (2012) no. 5, pp. 480-518. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2012.02.001. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2012.02.001/

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