The objective of this paper is to investigate and to analyse the influence of the laterality of mobile phone use on the exposure of the brain to radio-frequencies (RF) and electromagnetic fields (EMF) from different mobile phone models using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
The study focuses on the comparison of the specific absorption rate (SAR) induced on the right and left sides of two numerical adult and child head models. The heads are exposed by both phone models operating in GSM frequency bands for both ipsilateral and contralateral configurations. A slight SAR difference between the two sides of the heads is noted. The results show that the variation between the left and the right sides is more important at 1800 MHz for an ipsilateral use. Indeed, at this frequency, the variation can even reach 20% for the SAR10g and the SAR1g induced in the head and in the brain, respectively. Moreover, the average SAR induced by the mobile phone in the half hemisphere of the brain in ipsilateral exposure is higher than in contralateral exposure. Owing to the superficial character of energy deposition at 1800 MHz, this difference in the SAR induced for the ipsilateral and contralateral usages is more significant at 1800 MHz than at 900 MHz. The results have shown that depending on the phantom head models, the SAR distribution in the brain can vary because of differences in anatomical proportions and in the geometry of the head models. The induced SAR in child head and in sub-regions of the brain is significantly higher (up to 30%) compared to the adult head.
This paper confirms also that the shape/design of the mobile and the location of the antenna can have a large influence at high frequency on the exposure of the brain, particularly on the SAR distribution and on the distinguished brain regions.
@article{CRPHYS_2013__14_5_418_0,
author = {Amal Ghanmi and Nad\`ege Varsier and Abdelhamid Hadjem and Emmanuelle Conil and Odile Picon and Joe Wiart},
title = {Study of the influence of the laterality of mobile phone use on the {SAR} induced in two head models},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {418--424},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2013.02.007},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Amal Ghanmi AU - Nadège Varsier AU - Abdelhamid Hadjem AU - Emmanuelle Conil AU - Odile Picon AU - Joe Wiart TI - Study of the influence of the laterality of mobile phone use on the SAR induced in two head models JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2013 SP - 418 EP - 424 VL - 14 IS - 5 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.02.007 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2013__14_5_418_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Amal Ghanmi %A Nadège Varsier %A Abdelhamid Hadjem %A Emmanuelle Conil %A Odile Picon %A Joe Wiart %T Study of the influence of the laterality of mobile phone use on the SAR induced in two head models %J Comptes Rendus. Physique %D 2013 %P 418-424 %V 14 %N 5 %I Elsevier %R 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.02.007 %G en %F CRPHYS_2013__14_5_418_0
Amal Ghanmi; Nadège Varsier; Abdelhamid Hadjem; Emmanuelle Conil; Odile Picon; Joe Wiart. Study of the influence of the laterality of mobile phone use on the SAR induced in two head models. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 14 (2013) no. 5, pp. 418-424. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.02.007. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2013.02.007/
[1] The INTERPHONE study: design, epidemiological methods, and description of the study population, Eur. J. Epidemiol., Volume 22 (2007), pp. 647-664
[2] Mobile phones and tumor risk: interpretation of recent results, Radio Sci. Bull., Volume 314 (2005), pp. 30-33
[3] Categorization of mobile phones for exposure assessment in epidemiological studies on mobile phone use and brain cancer risk, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Volume 56 (2008), pp. 2377-2383
[4] Lost in laterality: interpreting “preferred side of the head during mobile phone use and risk of brain tumour” associations, Scand. J. Public Health, Volume 37 (2009), pp. 664-667
[5] Influence of use conditions and mobile phone categories on the distribution of specific absorption rate in different anatomical parts in the brain, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Volume 57 (2009), pp. 899-904
[6] Y. Pinto, A. Ghanmi, A. Hadjem, E. Conil, T. Namur, C. Person, J. Wiart, Numerical mobile phone models validated by SAR measurements, in: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP2011), pp. 2585–2588.
[7] Analysis of power absorbed by childrenʼs head as a result of new usages of mobile phone, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Volume 52 ( November 2010 ) no. 4, pp. 812-819
[8] Variability analysis of SAR from 20 MHz to 2.4 GHz for different adult and child models using FDTD, Phys. Med. Biol., Volume 53 (2008), pp. 1511-1525
[9] The Virtual Family—development of anatomical cad models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations, Phys. Med. Biol., Volume 55 (2010), p. N23-N38
[10] Basic standard for the measurement of specific absorption rate related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields from mobile phones (300 MHz–3 GHz), CENELEC, Brussels, 2001 (Standard EN 50361)
[11] Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, Artech House, Boston, MA, 2000
[12] A. Christ, M. Zefferer, B. Bühlmann, M.C. Gosselin, E. Cabot, E. Cherubini, N. Kuster, Recent advances in numerical modeling and dosimetry of children and pregnant women, in: FGF Workshop: Radiofrequency Fields and Health – Conclusions After 17 Years Work of the Research Association for Radio Applications (FGF), Stuttgart, Germany, 23–25 Nov. 2009.
[13] IEEE, Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head from Wireless Communications Devices: Measurement Techniques, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, 2003 (IEEE 1528)
[14] IEC, Human exposure to radio frequency fields from handheld and body-mounted wireless communication devices—Human models, instrumentation and procedures: Part 1. Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for handheld devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz), IEC, Geneva, 2005 (IEC 62209)
[15] Analysis of RF exposure in the head tissues of children and adults, Phys. Med. Biol., Volume 53 (2008), p. 3681
[16] Guidance for exposure designs of human studies addressing health risk evaluations of mobile phones bioelectromagnetics, Bioelectromagnetics, Volume 25 (2004), pp. 524-529
[17] International case-control study of adult brain, head and neck tumors: results of the feasibility study, Radiat. Prot. Dosim., Volume 83 (1999), pp. 179-183
[18] A. Hadjem, D. Lautru, N. Gadi, I. Bloch, C. Dale, M.F. Wong, V.F. Hanna, J. Wiart, Influence of the earʼs morphology on specific absorption rate (SAR) induced in a child head using two sources models, in: 2005 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 12–17 June 2005, pp. 1327–1330.
Cité par Sources :
Commentaires - Politique
Modelling of electromagnetic wave interactions with the human body
Man-Faï Wong; Joe Wiart
C. R. Phys (2005)
Assessing personal exposures to environmental radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Simon Mann
C. R. Phys (2010)
Michael Kundi
C. R. Phys (2010)