Nanoscale studies of ferroelectric domain walls as pinned elastic interfaces

Patrycja Paruch; Jill Guyonnet

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2013.08.004

Nanoscale studies of ferroelectric domain walls as pinned elastic interfaces
[Études nanoscopiques de parois de domaines ferroélectriques comme interfaces élastiques piégées]

Patrycja Paruch ¹ ; Jill Guyonnet ¹

¹ MaNEP–DPMC, Université de Genève, 24, quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 14 (2013) no. 8, pp. 667-684.

Résumé
Abstract

La compétition entre lʼélasticité dʼune interface et le piégeage par un potentiel désordonné confère à cette dernière une configuration rugueuse auto-affine caractéristique ainsi quʼune réponse dynamique complexe aux forces externes. Cette approche de physique statistique fournit une description théorique générale du comportement de systèmes aussi divers que la propagation de fractures, les lignes de mouillage, les fronts de combustion et les phénomènes de croissance de surface. Dans les matériaux ferroélectriques, les parois de domaines, qui séparent les régions où la polarisation est orientée différemment, forment un autre exemple dʼinterfaces élastiques piégées, et constituent à ce titre un système modèle particulièrement utile. Réciproquement, une meilleure compréhension de ces propriétés physiques fondamentales permet de déterminer les paramètres-clés contrôlant la nucléation, la croissance et la stabilité des domaines et, de ce fait, lʼamélioration des performances des matériaux ferroélectriques pour des applications telles que mémoires, senseurs et actionneurs. Dans cette revue, nous nous focalisons sur des mesures de parois de domaines ferroélectriques individuelles par microscopie à force atomique en mode piézoréponse, qui permettent de déterminer leur configuration statique et leur réponse dynamique avec une résolution nanométrique sur plusieurs ordres de grandeur de longueur et de vitesse. Combiné au contrôle précis du champ électrique appliqué, de la température, de la contrainte, et de la nature et densité des défauts présents dans lʼéchantillon, ce système expérimental permet non seulement une démonstration directe des phénomènes de reptation et de rugosité, mais également dʼappréhender certains aspects moins connus de phénomènes hors équilibre ainsi que les effets dúne structure plus complexe, tant au niveau de lʼinterface elle-même que du potentiel désordonné de piégeage.

The competition between elasticity and pinning of an interface in a fluctuating potential energy landscape gives rise to characteristic self-affine roughening and a complex dynamic response to applied forces. This statistical physics approach provides a general framework in which the behaviour of systems as diverse as propagating fractures, wetting lines, burning fronts or surface growth can be described. Domain walls separating regions with different polarisation orientation in ferroelectric materials are another example of pinned elastic interfaces, and can serve as a particularly useful model system. Reciprocally, a better understanding of this fundamental physics allows key parameters controlling domain switching, growth, and stability to be determined, and used to improve the performance of ferroelectric materials in applications such as memories, sensors, and actuators. In this review, we focus on piezoresponse force microscopy measurements of individual ferroelectric domain walls, allowing their static configuration and dynamic response to be accessed with nanoscale resolution over multiple orders of length scale and velocity. Combined with precise control over the applied electric field, temperature, and strain, and the ability to influence the type and density of defects present in the sample, this experimental system has allowed not only a direct demonstration of creep motion and roughening, but provides an opportunity to test less-well-understood aspects of out-of-equilibrium behaviour, and the effects of greater complexity in the structure of both the interface and the disorder landscape pinning it.

Publié le : 2013-09-07

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.08.004

Keywords: Domain walls, Piezoresponse force microscopy, Creep, Roughness, Disorder, Out-of-equilibrium
Mot clés : Parois de domaines, Microscopie à force atomique en mode piézoréponse, Reptation, Rugosité, Désordre, Hors équilibre

Affiliations des auteurs :

Patrycja Paruch ¹ ; Jill Guyonnet ¹

¹ MaNEP–DPMC, Université de Genève, 24, quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland

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Patrycja Paruch; Jill Guyonnet. Nanoscale studies of ferroelectric domain walls as pinned elastic interfaces. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 14 (2013) no. 8, pp. 667-684. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.08.004. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2013.08.004/

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