Thermoelectrics with Coulomb-coupled quantum dots

Holger Thierschmann; Rafael Sánchez; Björn Sothmann; Hartmut Buhmann; Laurens W. Molenkamp

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2016.08.001

Thermoelectric mesoscopic phenomena / Phénomènes thermoélectriques mésoscopiques

Thermoelectrics with Coulomb-coupled quantum dots
[Effets thermoélectriques par couplage coulombien de boîtes quantiques]

Holger Thierschmann ^1,² ; Rafael Sánchez ³ ; Björn Sothmann ⁴ ; Hartmut Buhmann ¹ ; Laurens W. Molenkamp ¹

¹ Experimentelle Physik 3, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
² Kavli Institut of Nanoscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
³ Instituto Gregorio Millán, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
⁴ Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 17 (2016) no. 10, pp. 1109-1122.

Résumé
Abstract

Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les propriétés thermoélectriques de systèmes à trois terminaux faits de boîtes quantiques (BQ) en couplage coulombien, comme observé dans des expériences récentes [1,2]. Le système considéré est fait de deux BQ en régime de blocage de Coulomb ; l'une d'entre elles peut échanger des électrons avec un seul réservoir (réservoir de chaleur), tandis que l'autre est couplée par effet tunnel à deux réservoirs de plus basse température (conducteur). Le réservoir de chaleur et le conducteur n'interagissent seulement que par le biais du couplage coulombien entre les boîtes quantiques. Il a été trouvé que deux régimes doivent être considérés. Dans le premier, le flux de chaleur entre les deux systèmes est petit. Dans ce régime, des fluctuations de l'occupation de la BQ chaude engendrées thermiquement modifient les propriétés de transport du système conducteur. Cela conduit à un effet dit de grille thermique. Des expériences ont montré comment ceci pouvait être utilisé pour contrôler le flux de charge dans le conducteur en jouant sur la température d'un réservoir à distance. Nous détaillons ces observations par des calculs sur un modèle et discutons les conséquences relatives à la réalisation d'un transistor tout thermique. Dans le deuxième régime, le flux de chaleur entre les deux systèmes est pertinent. Ici, le sytème travaille comme un nano-moteur thermique, comme cela a été proposé recemment (Sánchez and Büttiker [3]). Nous passons en revue les concepts, les réalisations expérimentales et les propriétés nouvelles émergeant de cette nouvelle sorte de systèmes thermoélectriques, tels que le découplage entre les flux de charge et de chaleur.

In this article we review the thermoelectric properties of three terminal devices with Coulomb-coupled quantum dots (QDs) as observed in recent experiments [1,2]. The system we consider consists of two Coulomb-blockade QDs, one of which can exchange electrons with only a single reservoir (heat reservoir), while the other dot is tunnel coupled with two reservoirs at a lower temperature (conductor). The heat reservoir and the conductor interact only via the Coulomb coupling of the quantum dots. It has been found that two regimes have to be considered. In the first one, the heat flow between the two systems is small. In this regime, thermally driven occupation fluctuations of the hot QD modify the transport properties of the conductor system. This leads to an effect called thermal gating. Experiments have shown how this can be used to control charge flow in the conductor by means of temperature in a remote reservoir. We further substantiate the observations with model calculations, and implications for the realisation of an all-thermal transistor are discussed. In the second regime, the heat flow between the two systems is relevant. Here the system works as a nanoscale heat engine, as proposed recently (Sánchez and Büttiker [3]). We review the conceptual idea, its experimental realisation and the novel features arising in this new kind of thermoelectric device such as decoupling of heat and charge flow.

Publié le : 2016-08-17

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.08.001

Keywords: Mesoscopic thermoelectrics, Quantum dot, Coulomb blockade, Thermal gating, Energy harvesting
Mot clés : Thermoélectrique mésoscopique, Boîte quantique, Blocage de Coulomb, Grille thermique, Récolte d'énergie

Affiliations des auteurs :

Holger Thierschmann ^{1, 2} ; Rafael Sánchez ³ ; Björn Sothmann ⁴ ; Hartmut Buhmann ¹ ; Laurens W. Molenkamp ¹

¹ Experimentelle Physik 3, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
² Kavli Institut of Nanoscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
³ Instituto Gregorio Millán, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
⁴ Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

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     title = {Thermoelectrics with {Coulomb-coupled} quantum dots},
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     pages = {1109--1122},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
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Holger Thierschmann; Rafael Sánchez; Björn Sothmann; Hartmut Buhmann; Laurens W. Molenkamp. Thermoelectrics with Coulomb-coupled quantum dots. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 17 (2016) no. 10, pp. 1109-1122. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.08.001. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2016.08.001/

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