[Limites théoriques et pratiques des antennes superdirectives]
Certaines applications, comme le transfert d'énergie sans fil, nécessitent des antennes à la fois directives et compactes. Cependant, les antennes électriquement petites (AES) présentent de faibles rendements et des diagrammes de rayonnement quasi isotropes. Les antennes compactes superdirectives peuvent être une solution intéressante pour résoudre les problématiques concernant la directivité et l'efficacité énergétique. Dans cet article, nous présentons les limites théoriques et pratiques des antennes superdirectives. Ces limites sont le niveau de directivité en fonction de la sensibilité sur les coefficients d'excitation ainsi que la diminution de l'efficacité de rayonnement quand la distance inter-éléments diminue. Le besoin de résistances négatives pour concevoir des réseaux superdirectifs à éléments parasites est également une limite pratique dont il faut tenir compte. Les compromis nécessaires entre les dimensions totales de l'antenne (nombre des éléments et distance inter-éléments), la directivité et l'efficacité atteignables sont analysés dans cet article.
Some applications as Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) require compact and directive antennas. However, Electrically Small Antennas (ESAs) have low efficiencies and quasi-isotropic radiation patterns. Superdirective ESA arrays can be an interesting solution to cope with both constraints (the compactness and the directivity). In this paper, the theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antennas will be presented. These limits can be summarized by the directivity sensitivity toward the excitation coefficients changes and the radiation efficiency decrement as the inter-element decreases. The need for negative resistances is also a practical limit for transforming these arrays into parasitic ones. The necessary trade-offs between the antenna total dimensions (the number of elements and the inter-element distance) and the attainable directivity and efficiency are also analyzed throughout this paper.
Mot clés : Réseaux d'antenne superdirectifs, Éléments parasites, Limites théoriques et pratiques
Abdullah Haskou 1 ; Ala Sharaiha 1 ; Sylvain Collardey 1
@article{CRPHYS_2017__18_2_118_0,
author = {Abdullah Haskou and Ala Sharaiha and Sylvain Collardey},
title = {Theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antenna arrays},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {118--124},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2016.11.003},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Abdullah Haskou AU - Ala Sharaiha AU - Sylvain Collardey TI - Theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antenna arrays JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2017 SP - 118 EP - 124 VL - 18 IS - 2 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.11.003 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2017__18_2_118_0 ER -
Abdullah Haskou; Ala Sharaiha; Sylvain Collardey. Theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antenna arrays. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 18 (2017) no. 2, pp. 118-124. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.11.003. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2016.11.003/
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