[Limites théoriques et pratiques des antennes superdirectives]
Certaines applications, comme le transfert d'énergie sans fil, nécessitent des antennes à la fois directives et compactes. Cependant, les antennes électriquement petites (AES) présentent de faibles rendements et des diagrammes de rayonnement quasi isotropes. Les antennes compactes superdirectives peuvent être une solution intéressante pour résoudre les problématiques concernant la directivité et l'efficacité énergétique. Dans cet article, nous présentons les limites théoriques et pratiques des antennes superdirectives. Ces limites sont le niveau de directivité en fonction de la sensibilité sur les coefficients d'excitation ainsi que la diminution de l'efficacité de rayonnement quand la distance inter-éléments diminue. Le besoin de résistances négatives pour concevoir des réseaux superdirectifs à éléments parasites est également une limite pratique dont il faut tenir compte. Les compromis nécessaires entre les dimensions totales de l'antenne (nombre des éléments et distance inter-éléments), la directivité et l'efficacité atteignables sont analysés dans cet article.
Some applications as Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) require compact and directive antennas. However, Electrically Small Antennas (ESAs) have low efficiencies and quasi-isotropic radiation patterns. Superdirective ESA arrays can be an interesting solution to cope with both constraints (the compactness and the directivity). In this paper, the theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antennas will be presented. These limits can be summarized by the directivity sensitivity toward the excitation coefficients changes and the radiation efficiency decrement as the inter-element decreases. The need for negative resistances is also a practical limit for transforming these arrays into parasitic ones. The necessary trade-offs between the antenna total dimensions (the number of elements and the inter-element distance) and the attainable directivity and efficiency are also analyzed throughout this paper.
Mot clés : Réseaux d'antenne superdirectifs, Éléments parasites, Limites théoriques et pratiques
@article{CRPHYS_2017__18_2_118_0,
author = {Abdullah Haskou and Ala Sharaiha and Sylvain Collardey},
title = {Theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antenna arrays},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {118--124},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2016.11.003},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Abdullah Haskou AU - Ala Sharaiha AU - Sylvain Collardey TI - Theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antenna arrays JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2017 SP - 118 EP - 124 VL - 18 IS - 2 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.11.003 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2017__18_2_118_0 ER -
Abdullah Haskou; Ala Sharaiha; Sylvain Collardey. Theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antenna arrays. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 18 (2017) no. 2, pp. 118-124. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2016.11.003. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2016.11.003/
[1] Realizing Efficient Wireless Power Transfer in the Near-Field Region Using Electrically Small Antennas, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA, 2012 http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-6167 (PhD dissertation available at:)
[2] Fundamental limits of small antennas, Proc. IRE, Volume 35 (1947) no. 12, pp. 1479-1484
[3] The radiansphere around a small antenna, Proc. IRE, Volume 47 (1959) no. 8, pp. 1325-1331
[4] Physical limitations of omni-directional antennas, J. Appl. Phys., Volume 19 (1948) no. 12, pp. 1163-1175
[5] Theoretical limitations on the broadband matching of arbitrary impedances, J. Franklin Inst., Volume 249 (1950) no. 1, pp. 57-83
[6] On the gain and beamwidth of directional antennas, IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., Volume 6 (1958) no. 3, pp. 219-225
[7] An approach to the problem of optimum directive antennae design, C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS, Volume 53 (1946) no. 1
[8] et al. A monopole superdirective array, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Volume 53 (2005) no. 8, pp. 2653-2661
[9] T.H. O'Donnell, A.D. Yaghjian, Electrically small superdirective arrays using parasitic elements, in: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., 9–14 July 2006, pp. 3111–3114.
[10] T.H. O'Donnell, et al. Frequency optimization of parasitic superdirective two element arrays, in: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., 9–15 June 2007, pp. 3932–3935.
[11] Design of electrically small Yagi antenna, Electron. Lett., Volume 43 (2007) no. 5, pp. 3-4
[12] et al. Electrically small supergain end-fire arrays, Radio Sci., Volume 43 (2008) | DOI
[13] et al. Superdirective magnetic dipole array as a first-order probe for spherical near-field antenna measurements, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Volume 60 (2012) no. 10, pp. 4670-4676
[14] B. Sentucq, et al. Superdirective compact parasitic array of metamaterial-inspired electrically small antenna, in: Proc. 2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology, iWAT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 4–6 March 2013, pp. 269–272.
[15] M. Pigeon, et al. Miniature and superdirective two elements endfire antenna array, in: Proc. 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2014, The Hague, The Netherlands, 6–11 April 2014, pp. 6–11.
[16] et al. Design of a super directive four-element compact antenna array using spherical wave expansion, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Volume 63 (2015) no. 11, pp. 4715-4722
[17] et al. Design of small parasitic loaded superdirective end-fire antenna arrays, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Volume 63 (2015) no. 12, pp. 5456-5464
[18] A. Haskou, et al. Compact planar arrays based on parasitic superdirective elements, in: Proc. 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2016, Davos, Switzerland, 10–15 April 2016.
Cité par Sources :
Commentaires - Politique
Terahertz photomixers based on ultra-wideband horn antennas
Alexandre Beck; Tahsin Akalin; Guillaume Ducournau; ...
C. R. Phys (2010)
Vincent Fleury; Christophe Bailly; Daniel Juvé
C. R. Méca (2005)