[L'utilisation de la biomasse végétale pour la production de biocarburants et de bioénergie. En compétition avec la production de bioproduits et de matériaux ?]
La bioéconomie européenne représente un chiffre d'affaires de deux mille cent milliards d'euros. Elle inclut les secteurs de l'alimentation humaine et animale. Les industries dites « basées sur le végétal », qui fabriquent des produits chimiques, des plastiques, des produits pharmaceutiques, du papier et ses produits dérivés, l'industrie de la forêt, le secteur des textiles, les biocarburants et la bioénergie y contribuent pour 600 milliards d'euros et 3,2 millions d'emplois. Cet article compare le pétrole et la biomasse végétale en termes d'extraction, de gisement et de composition chimique. L'utilisation de la biomasse végétale pour la production d'énergie est ensuite présentée, en détaillant la production de biocarburants. La dernière partie donne des exemples de bioproduits qui pourraient être obtenus dans des bioraffineries lignocellulosiques (à base de bois) intégrées à la production de fibres de cellulose.
The total European bioeconomy represents 2.1 trillion euros turnover. It includes the food, feed and beverages sectors that are responsible for about half of the turnover. The bio-based industries – chemicals and plastics, pharmaceuticals, paper and paper products, forest-based industries, textile sector, biofuels, and bioenergy – contribute with 600 billion euros and 3.2 million employees. This paper will first give key figures for fossil fuel versus vegetal biomass stocks and production. The chemical composition of vegetal biomass will be described in a second part, and compared with fossil raw material. The use of vegetal biomass for energy will then be discussed, with a focus on the production of biofuels. The last part will give examples of bioproducts that could be obtained from wood in biorefineries integrated into the cellulose fiber industry.
Mot clés : Biomasse végétale, Bioéconomie, Bioraffinerie, Biocarburants, Bioénergie, Bioproduits
@article{CRPHYS_2017__18_7-8_462_0,
author = {Christine Chirat},
title = {Use of vegetal biomass for biofuels and bioenergy. {Competition} with the production of bioproducts and materials?},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {462--468},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {18},
number = {7-8},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.002},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Christine Chirat TI - Use of vegetal biomass for biofuels and bioenergy. Competition with the production of bioproducts and materials? JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2017 SP - 462 EP - 468 VL - 18 IS - 7-8 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.002 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2017__18_7-8_462_0 ER -
Christine Chirat. Use of vegetal biomass for biofuels and bioenergy. Competition with the production of bioproducts and materials?. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 18 (2017) no. 7-8, pp. 462-468. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.002. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.002/
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