[Effets du couplage spin-orbite et des champs de Rabi dans les liquides de Tomonaga-Luttinger : état de l’art et questions ouvertes]
We discuss the effects of spin–orbit coupling and Rabi fields in Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids for SU(2) and SU(3) Fermi systems. In the SU(2) case, we show that spin–orbit coupling and Rabi fields mix separated spin and charge excitations producing helical massless bosons, which we call Weyl bosons in analogy to their cousins, the Weyl fermions. We discuss the phase diagram and the velocities of bosonic modes, showing where different flavors of Weyl bosons emerge. We suggest that the dispersion and helicity of Weyl bosons can be detected through measurements of the the dynamical structure factor tensor. In the SU(3) case, we preliminarily discuss the effects of spin–orbit coupling and Rabi fields, and conjecture that the emergent collective modes have a scalar (charge), vector (spin) and tensor (quadrupolar) components, suggesting that these modes are more complex than Weyl bosons. To describe spin–orbit coupling, we use the terminology color-orbit coupling, where the three internal states are labeled as colors Red, Green and Blue. We discuss the phase diagram and velocities of boson modes in the non-interacting regime and ponder over several open questions that need to be addressed for SU(3) systems. Lastly, we make some concluding remarks and suggest potential experimental candidates, with two and three internal states, where spin–orbit or color-orbit coupling and Rabi fields could be used to investigate the emergence of unusual collective modes with scalar, vector and tensor properties.
Nous étudions les effets du couplage spin-orbite et des champs de Rabi dans les liquides de Tomonaga-Luttinger pour les systèmes de fermions de symétrie SU(2) ou SU(3). Dans le cas d’une symétrie SU(2), nous montrons que le couplage spin-orbite et les champs de Rabi mélangent les excitations de spin et de charge — autrement séparées — en produisant des bosons hélicoïdaux sans masse, que nous appelons bosons de Weyl par analogie avec leurs cousins, les fermions de Weyl. Nous déterminons le diagramme de phase et les vitesses des modes bosoniques, en précisant dans quels secteurs émergent les différents types de bosons de Weyl. Nous proposons d’extraire la relation de dispersion et l’hélicité des bosons de Weyl de mesures du facteur de structure dynamique tensoriel. Dans le cas d’une symétrie SU(3), nous effectuons une première analyse des effets du couplage spin-orbite et des champs de Rabi, et conjecturons que les modes collectifs émergents ont une composante scalaire (charge), vectorielle (spin) et tensorielle (quadripolaire), ce qui suggère que ces modes sont plus complexes que les bosons de Weyl. Pour décrire le couplage spin-orbite, nous utilisons la notion de couplage couleur-orbite, où les trois états internes sont repérés par les couleurs rouge, verte et bleue. Nous discutons du diagramme de phase et des vitesses des modes de bosons dans le régime sans interaction et réfléchissons à plusieurs questions ouvertes restant à traiter dans les systèmes de symétrie SU(3). Enfin, nous formulons quelques remarques finales et identifions des systèmes expérimentaux, à deux ou à trois états internes, dans lesquels le couplage spin-orbite ou couleur-orbite et les champs de Rabi pourraient être utilisés pour étudier l’émergence de modes collectifs inhabituels avec des propriétés scalaires, vectorielles et tensorielles.
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Mots-clés : Couplage spin-orbite, Couplage couleur-orbite, Champs de Rabi, Liquides de Tomonaga-Luttinger, Bosons de Weyl, Fermions en interaction, Systèmes unidimensionnels
Xiaoyong Zhang 1 ; Carlos A. R. Sá de Melo 1
CC-BY 4.0
@article{CRPHYS_2025__26_G1_483_0,
author = {Xiaoyong Zhang and Carlos A. R. S\'a de Melo},
title = {Effects of spin{\textendash}orbit coupling and {Rabi} fields in {Tomonaga{\textendash}Luttinger} liquids: current status and open questions},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {483--514},
publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
volume = {26},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.5802/crphys.254},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Xiaoyong Zhang AU - Carlos A. R. Sá de Melo TI - Effects of spin–orbit coupling and Rabi fields in Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids: current status and open questions JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2025 SP - 483 EP - 514 VL - 26 PB - Académie des sciences, Paris DO - 10.5802/crphys.254 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2025__26_G1_483_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Xiaoyong Zhang %A Carlos A. R. Sá de Melo %T Effects of spin–orbit coupling and Rabi fields in Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids: current status and open questions %J Comptes Rendus. Physique %D 2025 %P 483-514 %V 26 %I Académie des sciences, Paris %R 10.5802/crphys.254 %G en %F CRPHYS_2025__26_G1_483_0
Xiaoyong Zhang; Carlos A. R. Sá de Melo. Effects of spin–orbit coupling and Rabi fields in Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids: current status and open questions. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 26 (2025), pp. 483-514. doi : 10.5802/crphys.254. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.254/
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