[Passé, présent et futur des métamatériaux sismiques : expériences sur la dynamique des sols, camouflage, calculateur analogique à grande échelle et modulations spatio–temporelles]
Certaines propriétés des métamatériaux électromagnétiques ont été traduites, en utilisant certaines analogies d’ondes, en contrôle des ondes sismiques de surface dans des sols sédimentaires structurés à l’échelle du mètre. Deux expériences à grande échelle réalisées en 2012 près des villes françaises de Grenoble [] et Lyon [] ont confirmé l’utilité de cette méthodologie et son influence potentielle sur l’interaction sol-structure. Nous présentons ici une nouvelle perspective sur l’expérience in-situ menée près de Lyon, qui dévoile des couloirs d’énergie dans la lentille sismique. Nous introduisons en outre un concept de métamatériau sismique modulé dans le temps sous-tendu par un modèle effectif s’appuyant sur les équations de Willis. Dans une première application, nous proposons que le bruit sismique ambiant module dans le temps les sols structurés pouvant être considérés comme des milieux en mouvement. Dans le même esprit, il est proposé de concevoir un calculateur analogique sismique utilisant le bruit sismique ambiant. Nous rappelons que les anciens théâtres romains et les forêts d’arbres sont deux exemples de structures à grande échelle qui se comportent de manière similaire aux métamatériaux électromagnétiques : capes d’invisibilité et rainbows (anglicisme d’arcs-en-ciel), respectivement. Les métamatériaux sismiques peuvent donc non seulement être mis en œuvre pour des murailles, lentilles et capes pour ondes de Rayleigh potentiellement délétères, mais ils ont également des applications potentielles dans la récupération d’énergie et des ordinateurs analogiques utilisant le bruit sismique ambiant, ce qui ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans la récupération et la conversion d’énergie sismique grâce à l’exploitation de structuration naturelle ou artificielle des sols.
Some properties of electromagnetic metamaterials have been translated, using some wave analogies, to surface seismic wave control in sedimentary soils structured at the meter scale. Two large scale experiments performed in 2012 near the French cities of Grenoble [] and Lyon [] have confirmed the usefulness of this methodology and its potential influence on soil-structure interaction. We present here a new perspective on the in-situ experiment near Lyon, which unveils energy corridors in the seismic lens. We further introduce a concept of time-modulated seismic metamaterial underpined by an effective model based on Willis’s equations. As a first application, we propose that ambient seismic noise time-modulates structured soils that can be viewed as moving media. In the same spirit, a design of an analogous seismic computer is proposed making use of ambient seismic noise. We recall that ancient Roman theaters and forests of trees are two examples of large scale structures that behave in a way similar to electromagnetic metamaterials: invisibility cloaks and rainbows, respectively. Seismic metamaterials can thus not only be implemented for shielding, lensing and cloaking of potentially deleterious Rayleigh waves, but they also have potential applications in energy harvesting and analogous computations using ambient seismic noise, and this opens new vistas in seismic energy harvesting and conversion through the use of natural or artificial soil structuring.
Mot clés : Métamatériaux sismiques, Physique transformationnelle, Milieux modulés en temps, Homogénéisation, Calculateur analogique, Energie sismique ambiante
CC-BY 4.0
@article{CRPHYS_2020__21_7-8_767_0,
author = {St\'ephane Br\^ul\'e and S\'ebastien Guenneau},
title = {Past, present and future of seismic metamaterials: experiments on soil dynamics, cloaking, large scale analogue computer and space{\textendash}time modulations},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {767--785},
publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
volume = {21},
number = {7-8},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.5802/crphys.39},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Stéphane Brûlé AU - Sébastien Guenneau TI - Past, present and future of seismic metamaterials: experiments on soil dynamics, cloaking, large scale analogue computer and space–time modulations JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2020 SP - 767 EP - 785 VL - 21 IS - 7-8 PB - Académie des sciences, Paris DO - 10.5802/crphys.39 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2020__21_7-8_767_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Stéphane Brûlé %A Sébastien Guenneau %T Past, present and future of seismic metamaterials: experiments on soil dynamics, cloaking, large scale analogue computer and space–time modulations %J Comptes Rendus. Physique %D 2020 %P 767-785 %V 21 %N 7-8 %I Académie des sciences, Paris %R 10.5802/crphys.39 %G en %F CRPHYS_2020__21_7-8_767_0
Stéphane Brûlé; Sébastien Guenneau. Past, present and future of seismic metamaterials: experiments on soil dynamics, cloaking, large scale analogue computer and space–time modulations. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 21 (2020) no. 7-8, pp. 767-785. doi : 10.5802/crphys.39. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.39/
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