Comptes Rendus
no. 4
Mécanotransduction du remodelage osseux : rôle des fissures à la périphérie des ostéons

Présenté par : Évariste Sanchez-Palencia

Thibault Lemaire1  ; Fabien Borocin1  ; Salah Naili1
1 Laboratoire de mécanique physique, UMR CNRS 7052, B2OA, faculté des sciences et technologie, université Paris 12 – Val de Marne, 61, avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Volume 336 (2008) no. 4, pp. 354-362.

L'os cortical est un type de tissu dense situé à la périphérie des os longs. Sa structure unitaire, de forme cylindrique, est appelée ostéon. Lors des activités quotidiennes, telles que la marche ou le maintien de posture, il est soumis à un chargement mécanique important. Différents stimuli, tels les mouvements de fluide interstitiel ou les microfissures, sont suspectés d'initier le remodelage osseux. Dans cette étude, nous montrons comment les microfissures sur la surface extérieure des ostéons (couche cémentante) va permettre d'activer localement le réseau de cellules mécano-sensibles (ostéocytes). Dans ce but, la théorie de la poroélasticité est utilisée pour modéliser le comportement mécanique du tissu cortical, et le lien entre l'existence de microfissures surfaciques et l'excitation des ostéocytes est montré à l'aide d'une étude numérique utilisant la méthode des éléments finis.

Cortical bone is a kind of hard tissue found at the edges of long bones. Its unit structural elements are the cylindrical osteons. During daily activities, they are subjected to an important mechanical load. Bone remodelling is suspected to be initiated by different stimuli including micro-cracks and interstitial fluid movement. Stimulation of the mechano-sensitive cells (osteocytes) resulting from micro-cracks presence on the external wall (cement surface) of the osteon is studied. To this end, poroelasticity is used to describe cortical tissue behaviour. Finally, osteocytes network excitation because of surface micro-cracks presence is explained thanks to a finite element study.

Reçu le :
Accepté le :
Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2008.01.003
Mot clés : Biomécanique, Modélisation poroélastique, Remodelage osseux, Ostéon, Fissuration
Keywords: Biomechanics, Poroelastic modelling, Bone remodelling, Osteon, Cracking
Thibault Lemaire 1 ; Fabien Borocin 1 ; Salah Naili 1

1 Laboratoire de mécanique physique, UMR CNRS 7052, B2OA, faculté des sciences et technologie, université Paris 12 – Val de Marne, 61, avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France 
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Thibault Lemaire; Fabien Borocin; Salah Naili. Mécanotransduction du remodelage osseux : rôle des fissures à la périphérie des ostéons. Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Volume 336 (2008) no. 4, pp. 354-362. doi : 10.1016/j.crme.2008.01.003. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/mecanique/articles/10.1016/j.crme.2008.01.003/

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