[Physique des poudres fines : bouchage et instabilités de surface]
Le comportement de la matière en grains dépend énormément de la taille de ses composants élémentaires. A coté du champ, déjà bien exploré, des milieux granulaires « secs » qui ignore l'interaction des particules avec les fluides environnants, la physique des collections de petites particules telles que les poudres fines et super-fines a été très peu explorée. Pourtant elle sous-tend une majorité d'applications industrielles. Cet article décrit briévement quelques uns des principaux comportements fondamentaux des poudres. Il s'intéresse à deux types de comportements fondamentaux. Le premier tient compte du fait que la vitesse caractéristique de chute libre des particules dans les gaz est du même ordre de grandeur que la vitesse d'entrainement, ce qui implique qu'il faille tenir compte des effets de freinage visqueux. Le second considère un empilement de particules comme un matériau poreux. En combinant ces deux effets avec les propriétés bien connus des milieux granulaires telles que les effets d'avalanche ou de mise en tas spontanée, on met en évidence des phénomènes de blocage et des instabilités de surface qui résultent de ce que nous appelons « l'effet volcan ». En outre, nous montrons que, dans une certaine mesure, la physique des poudres fines et sèches peut s'identifier à la physique des liquides mouillants.
The behavior of granular matter depends greatly on the size of its elementary components. Besides the well studied field of granulates made up of large sized particles which ignore the interaction of the particles with the fluid or gas environment, the physics of a collection of tiny particles such as fine or superfine powders concerns a majority of industrial applications. This paper briefly outlines several basic behavior of powders showing that new features come into play when the particle interaction with the surrounding gas is taken into account. It starts from two key mechanisms: the first arises when the typical particle velocity is in the order of the free fall velocity of that particle, which simply means that fluid drag comes into play. The second consists in considering the powder cakes as a porous material. Combining these two basic mechanisms with well-known granulate properties such as avalanching or heaping, leads to previously ignored sets of plugging effects or surface instabilities resulting from what we call the ‘volcano effect’. Furthermore, we show that, up to a certain extent, the physics of fine powders interacting with gas, may mimic the physics of wetting liquids.
Accepté le :
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Mots-clés : matériaux granulaire, poudre, bouchage, colmatage, instabilité de surface, volcan
Jacques Duran 1
@article{CRPHYS_2002__3_2_217_0,
author = {Jacques Duran},
title = {The physics of fine powders: plugging and surface instabilities},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {217--227},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
year = {2002},
doi = {10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01313-0},
language = {en},
}
Jacques Duran. The physics of fine powders: plugging and surface instabilities. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 3 (2002) no. 2, pp. 217-227. doi : 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01313-0. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01313-0/
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