[Des expériences depuis l’échelle du laboratoire à celle du terrain pour la morphodynamique des dunes de sable]
Nous passons en revue les principaux processus qui déterminent la morphodynamique des dunes, c’est-à-dire leur croissance en hauteur, leur migration et leur élongation, et nous mettons en avant la contribution des expériences pour la compréhension de ces mécanismes. Les principaux paramètres de contrôle sont le flux sédimentaire Q et la longueur de saturation associée à la relaxation spatiale du flux vers sa valeur à saturation homogène et stationnaire. Les autres quantités pertinentes sont essentiellement sans dimension : réponse du fluide à une perturbation du lit, géométrie des dunes (orientation, rapport d’aspect), rapports entre les taux de transport sous des régimes de vent multidirectionnels. Nous expliquons que les expériences de laboratoire portant sur les formes de lit sédimentaires sous l’eau sont de bons analogues pour étudier la morphodynamique des dunes éoliennes à des échelles de longueur et de temps réduites, car et sont typiquement plus petits pour le transport par charriage. En outre, la forme et la dynamique des dunes sont principalement gouvernées par les régimes d’écoulement et les conditions aux limites, indépendamment du mode de transport. Nous discutons différents montages expérimentaux et résultats, en particulier ceux qui concernent l’orientation des dunes et leur interactions. Pour les régimes de vents naturels dans les déserts terrestres, nous montrons le potentiel des expériences de terrain pour lesquelles le contrôle des conditions initiales et aux limites permet de quantifier tous les mécanismes pertinents impliqués dans la croissance des dunes. Nous soulignons le bon accord général entre les observations, les mesures et les prédictions théoriques, ce qui montre une bonne compréhension des processus qui sont à l’œuvre. Cette compréhension peut servir de base à d’autres recherches, comme par exemple l’interprétation des paysages dunaires et à la résolution de problèmes inverses.
We review the main processes that drive the morphodynamics of dunes, i.e. their growth in height, migration and elongation, and emphasise the contribution of experiments to the understanding of these mechanisms. The main control parameters are the sediment flux Q and the saturation length associated with the spatial relaxation of the flux towards the transport capacity. The other relevant quantities are essentially dimensionless: fluid response to a bed perturbation, dune geometry (orientation, aspect ratio), transport ratios under multi-directional wind regimes. We argue that laboratory experiments dealing with sedimentary bedforms in water flows are good analogues to study the morphodynamics of aeolian dunes at reduced length and time scales, as and are expected to be smaller for subaqueous bedload. Besides, dune shape and dynamics are mainly governed by flow and boundary conditions, independent of the transport mode. We discuss different experimental set-ups and results, especially concerning dune pattern orientation and dune interaction. Under natural wind regimes in terrestrial deserts, we show the potential of field experiments in which the control of initial and boundary conditions allows for the quantification of all the relevant mechanisms involved in dune growth. We emphasise the general agreement between observations, measurements and theoretical predictions, which indicates a robust comprehension of the underlying processes. This understanding can serve as a foundation for further investigations, including the interpretation of dune landscapes and the resolution of inverse problems.
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Mot clés : forme et dynamique des dunes, croissance, orientation
Philippe Claudin 1 ; Sylvain Courrech du Pont 2 ; Clément Narteau 3
CC-BY 4.0
@article{CRPHYS_2024__25_S3_A9_0,
author = {Philippe Claudin and Sylvain Courrech du Pont and Cl\'ement Narteau},
title = {From lab to landscape-scale experiments for the morphodynamics of sand dunes},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.5802/crphys.203},
language = {en},
note = {Online first},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Philippe Claudin AU - Sylvain Courrech du Pont AU - Clément Narteau TI - From lab to landscape-scale experiments for the morphodynamics of sand dunes JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2024 PB - Académie des sciences, Paris N1 - Online first DO - 10.5802/crphys.203 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2024__25_S3_A9_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Philippe Claudin %A Sylvain Courrech du Pont %A Clément Narteau %T From lab to landscape-scale experiments for the morphodynamics of sand dunes %J Comptes Rendus. Physique %D 2024 %I Académie des sciences, Paris %Z Online first %R 10.5802/crphys.203 %G en %F CRPHYS_2024__25_S3_A9_0
Philippe Claudin; Sylvain Courrech du Pont; Clément Narteau. From lab to landscape-scale experiments for the morphodynamics of sand dunes. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Online first (2024), pp. 1-29. doi : 10.5802/crphys.203.
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