[Confinement et migration de radionucléides dans l'environnement d'un stockage de déchets nucléaires]
Pour évaluer la sûreté d'un stockage géologique de déchets nucléaires, il est primordial d'évaluer la capacité du système colis/barrière ouvragé/milieu géologique à confiner à très long terme certains éléments. Il s'agit de ceux qui, initialement présents dans les combustibles nucléaires usés ont des isotopes radioactifs à vie longue et des descendants de ces radionucléides. Les conditions physico-chimiques régnant dans les milieux actuellement envisagés, confèrent à la plupart des radionucléides une très faible mobilité due aux phénomènes de sorption et précipitation, seuls les plus mobiles comme 129I ou 36Cl pourraient contribuer à la dose annuelle à l'exutoire du stockage après quelques dizaines ou centaines de milliers d'années. Cependant, certains scénarios dégradés doivent être examinés (intrusion d'oxygène, failles) pour s'assurer de la valeur de la dose dans ces cas.
The safety of the geological disposal of nuclear waste is evaluated, among other factors, through the ability of radionuclides to be confined, first by waste packages then by engineered barriers and host rocks. Deep underground conditions favour the immobilisation of most radionuclides by sorption or precipitation, which means that mobile radionuclides, such as 129I or 36Cl, may contribute to most of the ultimate dose release during up to a million years. However, degraded evolution scenarios must be taken into account (oxygen intrusion, faults, …) to assess earlier dose releases.
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Mots-clés : radionucléides, migration, solubilité, sorption, échange isotopique, évaluation de performance
Pierre Toulhoat 1
@article{CRPHYS_2002__3_7-8_975_0,
author = {Pierre Toulhoat},
title = {Confinement and migration of radionuclides in a nuclear waste deep repository},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {975--986},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {3},
number = {7-8},
year = {2002},
doi = {10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01381-6},
language = {en},
}
Pierre Toulhoat. Confinement and migration of radionuclides in a nuclear waste deep repository. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 3 (2002) no. 7-8, pp. 975-986. doi : 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01381-6. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01381-6/
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