[Un modèle simple pour les verres structuraux]
This paper is an essay on mosaic structures in glasses, and their possible role in relaxation phenomena. (a) Near Tg the fluid is assumed to contain clusters, slightly more compact than the matrix: they cannot grow in size because of frustration effects, as noted by Kivelson and others. (Mode/mode coupling theories cannot describe this, because they do not incorporate frustration.) The size of the clusters corresponds to the Boson peak wavelength. (b) We propose that the standard free volume picture may be transposed: (i) clusters move rather than molecules, (ii) the required cavity space (‘vacancy’) for cluster motion is not empty, but filled with the low density matrix. (The old criticism against free volume based on pressure effects is thus removed.) (c) To reach one cluster, a ‘vacancy’ must hop through many ‘traps’: the distribution of hopping times ultimately leads to a stretched exponential for the relaxation, as argued by Bendler and Schlesinger.
Cet article discute certaines structures ‘mosaïques’ dans les verres minéraux ou organiques : (a) Près de la température de transition vitreuse Tg, le fluide contiendrait des « amas » compacts ; ceux-ci sont limités en taille par des effets de frustration, comme l'ont proposé Kivelson et al. (Les théories de couplage mode/mode ne peuvent pas bien décrire ces effets, car les corrélations à 2 points ne suffisent pas pour la frustration.) La taille des amas correspond à la longueur d'onde du pic de Bosons. (b) Nous proposons de transposer le modèle classique de volume libre : (i) ce sont les amas et non les molécules qui sont l'objet élémentaire, (ii) le volume de cavité nécessaire pour un saut n'est pas vide, mais est rempli par la matrice (de densité un peu plus basse). Les critiques formulées jadis contre le modèle du volume libre, à partir des effets de pression, sont ainsi éliminées. (c) Pour arriver jusqu'à un amas, une lacune doit sauter à travers de nombreux pièges : il y a une distribution des temps de saut qui conduit à une relaxation en exponentielle étirée, comme l'ont montré Bendler et Schlesinger.
Accepté le :
Publié le :
Mots-clés : verres structuraux, frustration, volume libre, inhomogénéités
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1
@article{CRPHYS_2002__3_9_1263_0,
author = {Pierre-Gilles de~Gennes},
title = {A simple picture for structural glasses},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {1263--1268},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {3},
number = {9},
year = {2002},
doi = {10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01387-7},
language = {en},
}
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes. A simple picture for structural glasses. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 3 (2002) no. 9, pp. 1263-1268. doi : 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01387-7. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01387-7/
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