[Un mécanisme de déclenchement de l'éclair : application à la modélisation du nuage d'orage]
L'utilisation des modèles numériques à considérablement augmenté notre compréhension des processus électriques et microphysiques dans les nuages électrisés. Nous utilisons un modèle 1.5D du nuage d'orage, développé par l'Université de Washington, dans lequel on introduit un mécanisme de déclenchement de l'éclair par es électrons « runaway ». Il apparaı̂t que ce mécanisme peut modifier de manière significative le développement de l'électrisation dans le nuage ainsi modélisé, et conduire à des profils verticaux de champ électrique calculé très similaires à ceux observés expérimentalement.
The use of numerical models has greatly increased our understanding of the electrical and microphysical process within electrified clouds. We use the University of Washington, 1.5-dimensional thunderstorm model to examine the effects of including a runaway electron based lightning initiation mechanism. We find that this mechanism can significantly alter the electrification history of modeled storms and produce vertical electric field profiles that are very similar to those of observed storms.
Mot clés : modèle numérique, électrification d'orage, déclenchement de foudre, électrons runaway
Robert Solomon 1 ; Claudia Adamo 2 ; Marcia Baker 3
@article{CRPHYS_2002__3_10_1325_0, author = {Robert Solomon and Claudia Adamo and Marcia Baker}, title = {A lightning initiation mechanism: application to a thunderstorm electrification model}, journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique}, pages = {1325--1333}, publisher = {Elsevier}, volume = {3}, number = {10}, year = {2002}, doi = {10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01415-9}, language = {en}, }
TY - JOUR AU - Robert Solomon AU - Claudia Adamo AU - Marcia Baker TI - A lightning initiation mechanism: application to a thunderstorm electrification model JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2002 SP - 1325 EP - 1333 VL - 3 IS - 10 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01415-9 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2002__3_10_1325_0 ER -
Robert Solomon; Claudia Adamo; Marcia Baker. A lightning initiation mechanism: application to a thunderstorm electrification model. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 3 (2002) no. 10, pp. 1325-1333. doi : 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01415-9. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01415-9/
[1] The effect of liquid water on thunderstorm charging, J. Geophys. Res, Volume 96 (1991), pp. 11007-11017
[2] Lightning flash rate and type in convective storms, J. Geophys. Res, Volume 103 (1998), pp. 14041-14057
[3] A one-dimensional lightning parameterization, J. Geophys. Res, Volume 101 (1996), pp. 14983-14990
[4] A one-dimensional model of lightning from convective clouds, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc, Volume 121 (1995), pp. 1525-1548
[5] Observed lightning morphology relative to modeled space charge and electric field distributions in a tornadic storm, J. Atmos. Sci, Volume 51 (1994), pp. 833-851
[6] A contribution to the electrostatic theory of a lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res, Volume 65 (1960), pp. 1873-1878
[7] Common physical processes in natural and artificially triggered lightning, J. Geophys. Res, Volume 98 (1993), pp. 12913-12930
[8] An intracloud lightning parameterization scheme for a storm electrification model, J. Geophys. Res, Volume 97 (1992), pp. 5865-5884
[9] A model for lightning initiation arising from positive corona streamer development, J. Geophys. Res, Volume 81 (1976), pp. 3671-3676
[10] X-ray pulses observed above a mesoscale convective system, Geophys. Res. Lett, Volume 23 (1996), pp. 2915-2918
[11] A two-dimensional model of runaway electron beams driven by quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields, Geophys. Res. Lett, Volume 24 (1997), pp. 2639-2642
[12] Further observations of X-rays inside thunderstorms, Geophys. Res. Lett, Volume 12 (1985), p. 393
[13] Energetic radiation associated with lightning stepped-leaders, Geophys. Res. Lett, Volume 28 (2001), pp. 2141-2144
[14] Electric field magnitudes and lightning initiation in thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res, Volume 100 (1995), pp. 7097-7103
[15] Lightning initiation by simultaneous effect of runaway breakdown and cosmic ray showers, Phys. Lett. A, Volume 254 (1999), pp. 79-87
[16] Lightning initiation – conventional and runaway breakdown hypotheses, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc, Volume 127 (2001), pp. 2683-2704
[17] Runaway electron mechanism of air breakdown and preconditioning during a thunderstorm, Phys. Lett. A, Volume 165 (1992), pp. 463-468
Cité par Sources :
Commentaires - Politique