Since neutrinos are the only elementary particles that interact only weakly, the study of their properties, albeit experimentally difficult, reflects the true nature of the Weak Interactions. We begin with a historical review, emphasizing the central role of neutrinos in the formulation of the Standard Model. We review the generalizations of the Standard Model needed to accommodate both Dirac and Majorana neutrino masses. The recent experimental findings which demonstrate that neutrinos have tiny masses are discussed. We argue that small neutrino masses as well as the unexpected mixing patterns between the three neutrino flavors give us a glimpse, through the Seesaw mechanism, of physics at or near the Planck scale.
Puisque les neutrinos sont les seules particules élémentaires interagissant uniquement par interaction faible, l'étude de leurs propriétés, difficile expérimentalement, reflète fidèlement la nature de cette force. Une revue historique souligne leur rôle spécifique dans la formulation du modèle standard de la physique des particules. Nous présentons les généralisations de ce modèle nécessaires pour rendre compte de leurs masses (Dirac et Majorana). Nous discutons ensuite les résultats expérimentaux qui ont démontré leur nature massive. Finalement, nous montrons comment les petites masses et les mélanges des trois saveurs de neutrinos peuvent être interprétés par l'intermédiaire du mécanisme de “Seesaw” comme une fenêtre sur la physique à l'échelle de Planck.
Mots-clés : Histoire du neutrino, Masse du neutrino, Au delà du modèle standard
Pierre Ramond 1
@article{CRPHYS_2005__6_7_719_0,
author = {Pierre Ramond},
title = {Neutrinos: precursors of new physics},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {719--728},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {6},
number = {7},
year = {2005},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2005.07.006},
language = {en},
}
Pierre Ramond. Neutrinos: precursors of new physics. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Neutrino physics, Volume 6 (2005) no. 7, pp. 719-728. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2005.07.006. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2005.07.006/
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