[Réacteur Jules-Horowitz : un réacteur d'haute performance pour des essais des matériaux]
La modélisation physique du comportement des matériaux en environnement sévère est une contribution indispensable au développement des systèmes innovants, qu'ils soient basés sur la fission ou la fusion : identification, conception, optimisation, fabrication, approbation, évaluation de la durée de vie d'une nouvelle génération de matériaux de structure et de combustibles qui seront capables de fonctionner sous haut flux de neutrons rapides et à haute températures avec la production d'éléments tels que l'hélium et l'hydrogène.
Des outils analytiques tels que JANNUS sont développés dans ce but. Toutefois une approche purement analytique ne suffit pas : il faut également pouvoir réaliser des expérimentations dans un environnement représentatif, où les phénomènes sont effectivement couplés, avec une instrumentation permettant des mesures de haute qualité. Ces expériences sont conduites dans des réacteurs de recherche (Material Testing Reactors, MTR). De plus, des expériences complémentaires sont généralement conduites sur des prototypes ou des installations spécifiques comme IFMIF pour la fusion. Un réel pouvoir prédictif de la modélisation ne peut être atteint qu'en s'appuyant sur un tel ensemble cohérent d'outils, couvrant une large gamme d'échelles d'observation. Cette stratégie est exposée sur le cas du développement des matériaux composites à base de carbure de silicium.
En raison du vieillissement des MTR actuellement en fonctionnement, il était nécessaire de mettre en place une nouvelle génération de réacteurs expérimentaux en Europe pour faire face aux besoins en irradiations expérimentales. C'est dans ce contexte qu'est développé le réacteur Jules Horowitz (JHR). Celui-ci est financé par un consortium international et entrera en opération en 2014. JHR offrira à la communauté des performances accrues telles qu'un flux de neutrons élevé (
The physical modelling of materials' behaviour under severe conditions is an indispensable element for developing future fission and fusion systems: screening, design, optimisation, processing, licensing, and lifetime assessment of a new generation of structure materials and fuels, which will withstand high fast neutron flux at high in-service temperatures with the production of elements like helium and hydrogen.
JANNUS and other analytical experimental tools are developed for this objective. However, a purely analytical approach is not sufficient: there is a need for flexible experiments integrating higher scales and coupled phenomena and offering high quality measurements; these experiments are performed in material testing reactors (MTR). Moreover, complementary representative experiments are usually performed in prototypes or dedicated facilities such as IFMIF for fusion. Only such a consistent set of tools operating on a wide range of scales, can provide an actual prediction capability. A program such as the development of silicon carbide composites (600–1200 °C) illustrates this multiscale strategy.
Facing the long term needs of experimental irradiations and the ageing of present MTRs, it was thought necessary to implement a new generation high performance MTR in Europe for supporting existing and future nuclear reactors. The Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) project copes with this context. It is funded by an international consortium and will start operation in 2014. JHR will provide improved performances such as high neutron flux (
Mots-clés : Réacteur Jules-Horowitz, Essai des matériaux
Daniel Iracane 1 ; Pascal Chaix 1 ; Ana Alamo 1
@article{CRPHYS_2008__9_3-4_445_0,
author = {Daniel Iracane and Pascal Chaix and Ana Alamo},
title = {Jules {Horowitz} {Reactor:} a high performance material testing reactor},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {445--456},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {9},
number = {3-4},
year = {2008},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.003},
language = {en},
}
Daniel Iracane; Pascal Chaix; Ana Alamo. Jules Horowitz Reactor: a high performance material testing reactor. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Materials subjected to fast neutron irradiation, Volume 9 (2008) no. 3-4, pp. 445-456. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.003. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.003/
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