Fissile core and Tritium-Breeding Blanket: structural materials and their requirements

Jean-Louis Boutard; Ana Alamo; Rainer Lindau; Michael Rieth

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.004

Fissile core and Tritium-Breeding Blanket: structural materials and their requirements
[Cœur fissile et couverture tritigène : les matériaux de structure et leurs specifications]

Jean-Louis Boutard ¹ ; Ana Alamo ² ; Rainer Lindau ³ ; Michael Rieth ³

¹ EFDA-CSU Garching, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
² DEN/DSOE, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
³ IMF-1 FZK, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Materials subjected to fast neutron irradiation, Volume 9 (2008) no. 3-4, pp. 287-302.

Résumé
Abstract

Des matériaux ayant une excellente résistance aux effets d'irradiation sont indispensables au succès des futures centrales de fission et de fusion. On présente les critères de sélection, les éléments caractéristiques de la métallurgie et les principaux effets d'irradiation révélés par les programmes d'irradiation des matériaux retenus. A basse température (∼300 °C) les aciers ferritiques/martensitiques souffrent de fragilisation par l'hélium associée à un probable durcissement dû à la décomposition $α / α^{'}$ . Les cinétiques de durcissement et de fragilisation et tout particulièrement la saturation avec la dose sont des questions difficiles à trancher sur la seule base d'un programme expérimental. Des progrès importants sont encore nécessaires pour maîtriser la microstructure, la propreté inclusionnaire et l'assemblage des aciers renforcés par dispersion d'oxydes. Une modélisation physique telle que présentée dans ce volume doit servir de guide pour comprendre les mécanismes et fournir des solutions pour limiter la dégradation des propriétés en service.

High radiation resistant structural materials for fusion and fission nuclear power plants are a key issue for the development of both types of reactors. Selection criteria, elements of metallurgy of the selected materials, and the major issues as they are revealed by the results of the present development programmes, are presented. At low temperature (∼300 °C) ferritic/martensitic steels are suffering from He-embrittlement, associated with possible hardening due to $α / α^{'}$ unmixing. The kinetics of hardening and embrittlement versus dose, especially saturation with dose, are still open key issues, difficult to settle on the basis of a purely experimental programme. Important progress is still to be made in mastering the initial microstructure, inclusion cleanness and joining techniques of oxide dispersion strengthened steels for higher heat resistance. Physics modeling as presented in this issue should promote guidance to the understanding of the mechanisms involved, provide solutions to master the initial microstructure and phase stability, and mitigate the in-service property degradation.

Publié le : 2008-03-07

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.004

Keywords: Structural materials, Ferritic/Martensitic steels, Ferritic steels,

{SiC}_{f} / SiC

composites, Radiation effects
Mots-clés : Matériaux de structure, Acier martensitiques, Acier ferritiques, Composites

{SiC}_{f} / SiC

, Effets d'irradiation

Affiliations des auteurs :

Jean-Louis Boutard ¹ ; Ana Alamo ² ; Rainer Lindau ³ ; Michael Rieth ³

¹ EFDA-CSU Garching, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
² DEN/DSOE, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
³ IMF-1 FZK, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

@article{CRPHYS_2008__9_3-4_287_0,
     author = {Jean-Louis Boutard and Ana Alamo and Rainer Lindau and Michael Rieth},
     title = {Fissile core and {Tritium-Breeding} {Blanket:} structural materials and their requirements},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
     pages = {287--302},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     volume = {9},
     number = {3-4},
     year = {2008},
     doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.004},
     language = {en},
}

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jean-Louis Boutard
AU  - Ana Alamo
AU  - Rainer Lindau
AU  - Michael Rieth
TI  - Fissile core and Tritium-Breeding Blanket: structural materials and their requirements
JO  - Comptes Rendus. Physique
PY  - 2008
SP  - 287
EP  - 302
VL  - 9
IS  - 3-4
PB  - Elsevier
DO  - 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.004
LA  - en
ID  - CRPHYS_2008__9_3-4_287_0
ER  -

%0 Journal Article
%A Jean-Louis Boutard
%A Ana Alamo
%A Rainer Lindau
%A Michael Rieth
%T Fissile core and Tritium-Breeding Blanket: structural materials and their requirements
%J Comptes Rendus. Physique
%D 2008
%P 287-302
%V 9
%N 3-4
%I Elsevier
%R 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.004
%G en
%F CRPHYS_2008__9_3-4_287_0

Jean-Louis Boutard; Ana Alamo; Rainer Lindau; Michael Rieth. Fissile core and Tritium-Breeding Blanket: structural materials and their requirements. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Materials subjected to fast neutron irradiation, Volume 9 (2008) no. 3-4, pp. 287-302. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.004. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.11.004/

Bibliographie
Cité par

[1] P. Norajitra, L. Bühler, A. Buenaventura, E. Diegele, U. Fischer, E. Hutter, R. Kruessmann, S. Malang, J. Reimann, A. Orden, D. Ward, G. Vieider, F. Wasatjerna, Conceptual design of the dual-coolant blanket in the frame of the EU power plant conceptual study, FZKA Report 6780, November 2002

[2] Generation IV International Forum: http://www.gen-4.org

[3] N. Chauvin, J.C. Garnier, J.L. Séran, Ph. Brossard, in: Proceedings of the International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants, ICAPP-03, May 4–7 2003, Paper 3339, Cordoba, Spain

[4] K. Ehrlich Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A, 357 (1999), pp. 595-623

[5] P. Norajitra; L.V. Boccaccini; A. Gervash; R. Giniyatulin; N. Holstein; T. Ihli; G. Janeschitz; W. Krauss; R. Kruessmann; V. Kuznetsov; A. Makhankov; I. Mazul; A. Moeslang; I. Ovchinnikov; M. Rieth; B. Zeep J. Nucl. Mater., 367–370 (2007), pp. 1416-1421

[6] M. Faleschini; H. Kreuzer; D. Kriener; R. Pippan J. Nucl. Mater., 367–370 (2007), pp. 800-805

[7] Ph. Martin, N. Chauvin, J.C. Garnier, M. Masson, Ph. Brossard, P. Anzieu, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference GLOBAL 2005, organised by the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ), Tsukuba, Ibarakiken, Japan, Paper 327

[8] Matériaux pour le réacteur à très haute température, Les Réacteurs Nucléaires à Caloporteur Gaz, Monographie de la Direction de l'énergie nucléaire, CEA, Editions Le Moniteur, pp. 33–44 and 45–48

[9] A.A. Tavassoli J. Nucl. Mater., 155–157 (1988), pp. 105-112

[10] Matériaux pour le réacteur à très haute température, Les Réacteurs Nucléaires à Caloporteur Gaz, Monographie de la Direction de l'énergie nucléaire, CEA, Editions Le Moniteur, pp. 77–83

[11] P. Vladimirov; S. Bouffard C. R. Physique, 9 (2008) no. 3–4, pp. 303-322

[12] R. Schaeublin; J. Henry; Y. Dai C. R. Physique, 9 (2008) no. 3–4, pp. 389-400

[13] L.K. Mansur; E.H. Lee J. Nucl. Mater., 179–181 (1991), pp. 105-110

[14] M.J. Caturla et al. Helium and point defect accumulation: (ii) kinetic modelling, C. R. Physique, Volume 9 (2008) no. 3–4, pp. 401-408

[15] J.L. Boutard J. Physique IV, 11 (2001) no. Pr1, pp. 187-201

[16] J.L. Séran; A. Alamo; A. Maillard; H. Touron; J.C. Brachet; P. Dubuisson; O. Rabouille J. Nucl. Mater., 212–215 (1994), pp. 588-593

[17] R. Lindau; A. Möslang; M. Rieth; M. Klimiankou; E. Materna-Morris; A. Alamo; A.A. Tavassoli; C. Cayron; A.M. Lancha; P. Fernandez; N. Baluc; R. Schaeublin; E. Diegele; G. Filacchioni; J.W. Rensman; B. van der Schaaf; E. Lucon; W. Dietz Fusion Eng. Design, 75–79 (2005), pp. 989-996

[18] A.A. Tavassoli; A. Alamo; L. Bedel; L. Forest; J.M. Gentzbittel; J.W. Rensman; E. Diegele; R. Lindau; M. Schirra; R. Schmitt; H.C. Schneider; C. Petersen; A.M. Lancha; P. Fernandez; G. Filachioni; M.F. Maday; K. Mergia; N. Boukos; N. Baluc; P. Spätig; E. Alves; E. Lucon; B. van der Schaaf; E. Diegele; R. Laesser; A. Möslang Fusion Eng. Design, 329–333 (2004), pp. 257-262

[19] W. Hume-Rothery The Structures of Alloys of Iron: An Elementary Introduction, Pergamon Press, 1966

[20] L. Schaefer; M. Schirra; K. Ehrlich J. Nucl. Mater., 233–237 (1996), pp. 263-269

[21] M. Rieth, private communication

[22] J. Nutting The long term structural stability of power generation steels – some basic considerations, San Sebastian, Spain, April 27–29, 1998 (1998)

[23] F. Masuyama New developments in steels for power generation boilers, San Sebastian, Spain, April 27–29, 1998 (1998)

[24] A. Czyrska-Filemonowicz; B. Dubiel J. Mater. Technol., 64 (1997), pp. 53-64

[25] R.L. Klueh; J.P. Shingledecker; R.W. Swindeman; D.T. Hoelzer J. Nucl. Mater., 341 (2005), pp. 103-114

[26] R. Lindau, A. Alamo, Private communication

[27] J.-J. Huet; H. Massaux; L. De wilde; J. Moels Rev. Métall., 65 (1968), p. 12

[28] S. Ukai; T. Nishida; H. Okada; T. Okuda; M. Fujiwara; K. Asabe J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 34 (1997), p. 256

[29] S. Ukai; T. Yoshitake; S. Mizuta; Y. Matsudaira; S. Hagi; T. Kobayashi J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 36 (1999), p. 710

[30] M. Klimiankou; R. Lindau; A. Moeslang J. Nucl. Mater., 367–370 (2007), pp. 173-178

[31] A. Alamo; V. Lambard; X. Averty; M.H. Mathon J. Nucl. Mater., 329–333 (2004), pp. 333-337

[32] D.K. Mukhopadhyay; F.H. Froes; D.S. Gelles J. Nucl. Mater., 258–263 (1998), p. 209

[33] M.K. Miller; E.A. Kenik; K.F. Russell; L. Heatherly; D.T. Hoelzer; P.J. Maziasz Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 353 (2003), p. 140

[34] M.K. Miller; K.F. Russell; D.T. Hoelzer J. Nucl. Mater., 351 (2006), pp. 262-268

[35] P. Bellon; R.S. Averback Scripta Mater., 49 (2003), pp. 921-925

[36] P. Pochet; E. Tominez; L. Chaffron; G. Martin Phys. Rev. B, 52 (1995) no. 3, pp. 4006-4016

[37] M.K. Miller; D.T. Hoelzer; E.A. Kenik; K.F. Russell J. Nucl. Mater., 329–333 (2004), pp. 338-341

[38] D.R. Sigler Oxid. Met., 32 (1989) no. 5–6, p. 337

[39] J.H. Swisher; E.T. Turkdogan Trans. Met. Soc. AIME, 239 (1967), p. 426

[40] M.J. Alinger; G.R. Odette; D.T. Hoelzer J. Nucl. Mater., 329–333 (2004), pp. 382-386

[41] D.T. Hoelzer; J. Bentley; M.A. Sokolov; M.K. Miller; G.R. Odette; M.J. Alinger J. Nucl. Mater., 367–370 (2007), pp. 166-172

[42] M. Klimankou; R. Lindau; A. Moeslang J. Nucl. Mater., 329–333 (2004), pp. 347-351

[43] P. Vladimirov, A. Moeslang, R. Lindau, M. Klimenkov, C. Eiselt, R. Coppola, A.A. Aleev, A.V. Karpov, O.N. Makeev, S.V. Rogozhkin, A.G. Zaluzhnyi, Workshop on Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems (SMINS), FZ-Karlsruhe June 4–6, 2007

[44] M.A. Sokolov; D.T. Hoelzer; R.E. Stoller; D.A. Mcclintock J. Nucl. Mater., 367–370 (2007), pp. 213-216

[45] A. Alamo, A. Bougault, Contribution to the Fusion EURATOM programme TW5-TTMS006, Private communication

[46] R. Lindau; M. Klimiankou; A. Möslang; A. Rieth; B. Schedler; J. Schröder; A. Schwaiger Reutte, Austria, May 30–June 3, 2005, Plansee AG, Reutte (2005), pp. 545-5557

[47] P. Miao; G.R. Odette; J. Gould; J. Bernath; R. Miller; M. Alinger; C. Zanis J. Nucl. Mater., 367–370 (2007), pp. 208-212

[48] A. Möslang IFMIF: the intense neutron source to qualify materials for fusion reactors, C. R. Physique, Volume 9 (2008) no. 3–4, pp. 457-468

[49] A. Barbu Modelling of long term kinetic evolution: a fruitful relationship between experiment and theoretical development, C. R. Physique, Volume 9 (2008) no. 3–4, pp. 353-361

[50] G. Martin; P. Bellon Radiation effects in concentrated alloys and compounds: equilibrium and kinetics of driven systems, C. R. Physique, Volume 9 (2008) no. 3–4, pp. 323-334

[51] D.S. Gelles; M.L. Hamilton; B.M. Oliver; L.R. Greenwood; S. Ohnuki; K. Shiba; Y. Kohno; A. Kohyama; J.P. Roberston J. Nucl. Mater., 307–311 (2002), pp. 212-216

[52] R. Schaeublin; M. Victoria J. Nucl. Mater., 283–287 (2000), pp. 339-343

[53] Y. Dai; P. Marmy J. Nucl. Mater., 343 (2005), pp. 247-252

[54] J. Henry; M.H. Mathon; P. Jung J. Nucl. Mater., 318 (2003), pp. 249-259

[55] P. Jung; J. Henry J. Nucl. Mater., 318 (2003), pp. 241-248

[56] D. Rodney Atomic modeling of irradiation-induced hardening, C. R. Physique, Volume 9 (2008) no. 3–4, pp. 418-426

[57] A. Alamo; J.L. Bertin; V.K. Shamardin; P. Wident J. Nucl. Mater., 367–370 (2007), pp. 54-59

[58] M.H. Mathon; Y. de Carlan; G. Geoffroy; X. Averty; A. Alamo; C.H. de Novion J. Nucl. Mater., 312 (2003), pp. 236-248

[59] D. Nguyen-Manh et al. The Fe–Cr system: atomistic modeling of thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformations, C. R. Physique, Volume 9 (2008) no. 3–4, pp. 379-388

[60] T. Yamamoto; G.R. Odette; H. Kishimoto; J.W. Rensman; P. Miao J. Nucl. Mater., 356 ( 15 September 2006 ) no. 1–3, pp. 27-49

[61] A. Alamo, P. Wident, V. Shamardin, Final Report TW2-TTMS-001-D02: CEA REPORT DMN/SRMA/NT/2006-2767/A

[62] I. Monnet; P. Dubuisson; Y. Serruys; M.O. Ruault; O. Kaitasov; B. Jouffrey J. Nucl. Mater., 336 (2004), pp. 311-321

[63] P. Pareige; M.K. Miller; R.E. Stoller; D.T. Hoelzer; E. Cadel; B. Radiguet J. Nucl. Mater., 360 (2007), pp. 136-141

[64] E.E. Bloom J. Nucl. Mater., 258–263 (1998), pp. 7-17

[65] Ch. Kittel Introduction to Solid States Physics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1966

[66] L.L. Snead J. Nucl. Mater., 329–333 (2004), pp. 524-529

[67] J.-L. Demenet; M.H. Hong; P. Pirouz Scripta Mater., 43 (2000) no. 9, pp. 865-870

[68] R.H. Jones; L. Giancarli; A. Hasegawa; Y. Katoh; A. Kohyama; B. Riccardi; L.L. Snead; W.J. Weber J. Nucl. Mater., 307–311 (2002), pp. 1057-1072

[69] See for instance in Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 3 (1998): (a) E. Kaxiras, S. Yip, Modelling and simulation of solids 523–525. (b) R. Phillips, Modelling in the mechanics of materials 526–532. (c) G. Martin, Modelling materials driven far from equilibrium 552–557

[70] (b) P. Ledermann, J.L. Boutard, M. Guttmann, B. Marini P. Garcia, C. Valot, La Revue de Métallurgie-CIT Novembre, 2005, pp. 917–930

[71] M. Samaras; W. Hoffelner; M. Victoria J. Nucl. Mater., 371 (2007), pp. 28-36

Cité par Sources :

Commentaires - Politique