Exploring the electronic band structure of individual carbon nanotubes under 60 T

Sébastien Nanot; Walter Escoffier; Benjamin Lassagne; Jean-Marc Broto; Bertrand Raquet

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2009.05.005

Exploring the electronic band structure of individual carbon nanotubes under 60 T
[Étude de la structure de bande électronique de nanotubes de carbone isolés sous 60 T]

Sébastien Nanot ¹ ; Walter Escoffier ¹ ; Benjamin Lassagne ¹ ; Jean-Marc Broto ¹ ; Bertrand Raquet ¹

¹ Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses UPR3228, CNRS, INSA, UPS, université de Toulouse, 143, avenue de Rangueil, 31400 Toulouse, France

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Carbon nanotube electronics, Volume 10 (2009) no. 4, pp. 268-282.

Résumé
Abstract

Les nano-sciences, et plus particulièrement la nano-physique, constituent un champ d'investigations aux défis expérimentaux multiples incluant la synthèse, l'adressage (par exemple, optique ou électrique), l'étude et l'exploitation des propriétés physiques remarquables des nano-objets individuels. Les nano-matériaux carbonés (hybridation $s p^{2}$ ) concentrent aujourd'hui une attention toute particulière ; en effet, les nanotubes de carbone, le graphène et plus récemment encore les nano-rubans de graphène pourraient constituer d'ici peu des briques élémentaires de la micro-électronique du futur. Mais en premier lieu, il convient d'insister sur la compréhension des mécanismes de transport de charges lorsque ces nano-objets sont utilisés comme élément actif du canal drain–source soumis à un potentiel de grille, ou bien comme élément passif pour l'interconnection. Dans cet article, nous présenterons l'intérêt de conduire des expériences où les nano-objets individuels sont soumis à un environnement extrême : l'application de champs magnétiques très intenses et l'utilisation des très basses températures. Nous montrerons que des champs magnétiques de plusieurs dizaines de teslas, associés à un contrôle du dopage électrostatique, modifient singulièrement la structure de bande électronique d'un nanotube de carbone et permettent ainsi de sonder les états électroniques et les spécificités des régimes de conduction associés aux dimensions réduites. Plusieurs exemples seront abordés. Lorsque le champ magnétique est appliqué parallèlement à l'axe du tube, un quantum de flux magnétique pénétrant la section du nanotube engendre une modulation géante de la conductance (de type Aharonov–Bohm), contrôlée par la présence de barrières Schottky dont le profil varie sous champ magnétique. Dans une configuration où le champ magnétique est perpendiculaire à l'axe, ce dernier rompt naturellement la symétrie de révolution et des états de Landau non-conventionels se développent sous fort champ magnétique. En utilisant la sensibilité d'une cavité Fabry–Pérot constituée d'un nanotube de carbone agissant comme un guide d'ondes électronique, il apparaît que les états résonants de la cavité dépendent du champ magnétique transverse. Leurs dépendances révèlent la formation du premier état de Landau à énergie nulle. Ces expériences soulignent l'efficacité des expériences de magnéto-conductance sous champ magnétique intense pour sonder les propriétés électroniques des nano-matériaux individuels à base de carbone.

Nano-sciences, and in particular nano-physics, constitute a fascinating world of investigations where the experimental challenges are to synthesize, to address (for instance optically or electrically) to explore and promote the remarkable physical properties of new nano-materials. Somehow, one of the most promising realization of nano-sciences lies in carbon-based nano-materials with $s p^{2}$ covalent bonds. In particular, carbon nanotubes, graphene and more recently ultra-narrow graphene nano-ribbons are envisioned as elementary bricks of the future of nano-electronics. However, prior to such an achievement, the first steps consist in understanding their fundamental electronic properties when they constitute the drain–source channel of a gated device or inter-connexion elements. In this article, we present the richness of challenging experiments combining single-object measurements with an extreme magnetic environment. We demonstrate that an applied magnetic field (B), along with a control of the electrostatic doping, drastically modifies the electronic band structure of a carbon nanotube based transistor. Several examples will be addressed in this presentation. When B is applied parallel to the tube axis, a quantum flux threading the tube induces a giant Aharonov–Bohm conductance modulation mediated by Schottky barriers whose profile is magnetic field dependent. In the perpendicular configuration, the applied magnetic field breaks the revolution symmetry along the circumference and non-conventional Landau states develop in the high field regime. By playing with a carbon nanotube based electronic Fabry–Perot resonator, the field dependence of the resonant states of the cavity reveals the onset of the first Landau state at zero energy. These experiments enlighten the outstanding efficiency of magneto-conductance experiments to probe the electronic properties of carbon based nano-materials.

Publié le : 2009-05-01

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2009.05.005

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, High magnetic field, Electronic conductivity
Mots-clés : Nanotubes de carbone, Champ magnétique intense, Conductivité électronique

Affiliations des auteurs :

Sébastien Nanot ¹ ; Walter Escoffier ¹ ; Benjamin Lassagne ¹ ; Jean-Marc Broto ¹ ; Bertrand Raquet ¹

¹ Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses UPR3228, CNRS, INSA, UPS, université de Toulouse, 143, avenue de Rangueil, 31400 Toulouse, France

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     title = {Exploring the electronic band structure of individual carbon nanotubes under 60 {T}},
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     pages = {268--282},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
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     number = {4},
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Sébastien Nanot; Walter Escoffier; Benjamin Lassagne; Jean-Marc Broto; Bertrand Raquet. Exploring the electronic band structure of individual carbon nanotubes under 60 T. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Carbon nanotube electronics, Volume 10 (2009) no. 4, pp. 268-282. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2009.05.005. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2009.05.005/

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