On the use of archeology in geomagnetism, and vice-versa: Recent developments in archeomagnetism

Yves Gallet; Agnès Genevey; Maxime Le Goff; Nicolas Warmé; Jean Gran-Aymerich; Annie Lefèvre

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2009.08.005

On the use of archeology in geomagnetism, and vice-versa: Recent developments in archeomagnetism
[Sur l'utilisation de l'archéologie en géomagnétisme et vice versa : Développements récents en archéomagnétisme]

Yves Gallet ¹ ; Agnès Genevey ² ; Maxime Le Goff ¹ ; Nicolas Warmé ³ ; Jean Gran-Aymerich ⁴ ; Annie Lefèvre ³

¹ Équipe de Paléomagnétisme, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, UMR CNRS 7154, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
² Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, CNRS UMR 171, Palais du Louvre, porte des lions, 14, quai F. Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
³ Institut de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, direction Centre-Ile-de-France, 31, rue Delizy, 93698 Pantin cedex, France
⁴ Archéologie d'Orient et d'Occident, UMR CNRS 8546, École Normale Supérieure, 45, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Physics and heritage, Volume 10 (2009) no. 7, pp. 630-648.

Résumé
Abstract

L'archéomagnétisme est une discipline qui permet de retracer l'évolution temporelle en direction et en intensité du champ magnétique terrestre au travers des derniers millénaires, principalement à partir des matériaux archéologiques ayant subi une cuisson au moment de leur fabrication ou de leur utilisation. Ses applications sont tournées à la fois vers le géomagnétisme, avec une description du comportement et de l'origine du champ géomagnétique, et vers l'archéologie, car des courbes régionales de variation séculaire de la direction et/ou de l'intensité peuvent être utilisées comme outil de datation. Des résultats archéomagnétiques récents suggèrent également une connexion entre le champ géomagnétique et le climat durant l'Holocène. Outre ces aspects, nous présentons l'acquisition de nouvelles valeurs d'archéointensité obtenues à partir de fragments de poteries échantillonnés sur le site Etrusque de La Castellina (Italie) et à Vanves (France), datés respectivement du VII^e siècle av. J.-C. et du IX^e siècle ap. J.-C.

Archeomagnetism allows one to track the temporal evolution in direction and intensity of the Earth's magnetic field over the past few millennia, mainly from archeological material baked during their manufacturing or use. Its applications are of interest to both geomagnetism, which investigates the behavior and origin of the geomagnetic field, and archeology, which relies on curves of the magnetic field direction and/or intensity secular variation for dating purposes. Recent archeomagnetic results also suggest a connection between the geomagnetic field and climatic changes during the Holocene. In this article, we also discuss the acquisition of new archeointensity data obtained from potsherds found in the Etruscan site of La Castellina (Italy) and in Vanves (France), respectively dated to the VIIth century BC and to the IXth century AD.

Publié le : 2009-09-01

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2009.08.005

Keywords: Geomagnetism, Archeomagnetism, Archeology, Archeointensity, Dating method
Mots-clés : Géomagnétisme, Archéomagnétisme, Archéologie, Archéointensité, Méthode de datation

Affiliations des auteurs :

Yves Gallet ¹ ; Agnès Genevey ² ; Maxime Le Goff ¹ ; Nicolas Warmé ³ ; Jean Gran-Aymerich ⁴ ; Annie Lefèvre ³

¹ Équipe de Paléomagnétisme, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, UMR CNRS 7154, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
² Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, CNRS UMR 171, Palais du Louvre, porte des lions, 14, quai F. Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
³ Institut de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, direction Centre-Ile-de-France, 31, rue Delizy, 93698 Pantin cedex, France
⁴ Archéologie d'Orient et d'Occident, UMR CNRS 8546, École Normale Supérieure, 45, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France

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Yves Gallet; Agnès Genevey; Maxime Le Goff; Nicolas Warmé; Jean Gran-Aymerich; Annie Lefèvre. On the use of archeology in geomagnetism, and vice-versa: Recent developments in archeomagnetism. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Physics and heritage, Volume 10 (2009) no. 7, pp. 630-648. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2009.08.005. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2009.08.005/

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Judit del Río; Alicia Palencia-Ortas; Miriam Gómez-Paccard; Ángel Carrancho; Palmira Saladié; M. Gema Chacón; Eudald Carbonell; Josep Vallverdú Archaeomagnetic Tools Applied to the Study of Middle Palaeolithic Hearths: The Level R (ca. 60 ka BP) at Abric Romaní (NE Iberian Peninsula), Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology, Volume 8 (2025) no. 1 | DOI:10.1007/s41982-025-00213-6
Cathy Batt Archaeomagnetic Dating, Handbook of Archaeological Sciences (2023), p. 99 | DOI:10.1002/9781119592112.ch6
G. Hervé; P. Guibert; H. Meunier; M. Monteil; Ph. Dufresne; Ph. Lanos; C. Oberlin; G. Ben Aissa Chronology of the Late Roman Antiquity walls of Le Mans (France) by OSL, archaeomagnetism and radiocarbon, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Volume 51 (2023), p. 104172 | DOI:10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104172
Maylis Landeau; Alexandre Fournier; Henri-Claude Nataf; David Cébron; Nathanaël Schaeffer Sustaining Earth’s magnetic dynamo, Nature Reviews Earth Environment, Volume 3 (2022) no. 4, p. 255 | DOI:10.1038/s43017-022-00264-1
Yves Gallet The dawn of archeomagnetic dating, Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, Volume 353 (2021) no. 1, p. 285 | DOI:10.5802/crgeos.73
Y. Gallet; A. Fournier; P.W. Livermore Tracing the geomagnetic field intensity variations in Upper Mesopotamia during the Pottery Neolithic to improve ceramic-based chronologies, Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 132 (2021), p. 105430 | DOI:10.1016/j.jas.2021.105430
Yu Kitahara; Daiki Nishiyama; Masao Ohno; Yuhji Yamamoto; Yoshihiro Kuwahara; Tadahiro Hatakeyama Construction of new archaeointensity reference curve for East Asia from 200 CE to 1100 CE, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 310 (2021), p. 106596 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106596
Gwenaël Hervé; Annick Chauvin; Philippe Lanos; Florian Lhuillier; Sylvie Boulud-Gazo; Mario Denti; Raphaël Macario How did the dipole axis vary during the first millennium BCE? New data from West Europe and analysis of the directional global database, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 315 (2021), p. 106712 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2021.106712
M. Rivero-Montero; M. Gómez-Paccard; F.J. Pavón-Carrasco; M.A. Cau-Ontiveros; L. Fantuzzi; F. Martín-Hernández; A. Palencia-Ortas; E. Aidona; E. Tema; D. Kondopoulou; C. Mas-Florit; J. Ramon-Torres Refining geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe between 200 CE and 1800 CE. New data from the Mediterranean region, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 317 (2021), p. 106749 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2021.106749
A. Genevey; Y. Gallet; E. Thébault; P.W. Livermore; A. Fournier; S. Jesset; A. Lefèvre; N. Mahé-Hourlier; E. Marot; S. Regnard Archeomagnetic intensity investigations of French medieval ceramic workshops: Contribution to regional field modeling and archeointensity-based dating, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 318 (2021), p. 106750 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2021.106750
Agnès Genevey; Claudia Principe; Yves Gallet; Giuseppe Clemente; Maxime Le Goff; Alexandre Fournier; Pasquino Pallecchi Refining the high-fidelity archaeointensity curve for western Europe over the past millennium: analysis of Tuscan architectural bricks (Italy), Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Volume 497 (2020) no. 1, p. 73 | DOI:10.1144/sp497-2019-74
Elisabeth Schnepp; Daniele Thallner; Patrick Arneitz; Roman Leonhardt New archeomagnetic secular variation data from Central Europe, II: Intensities, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 309 (2020), p. 106605 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106605
Natalya A. Kilifarska; Volodymyr G. Bakhmutov; Galyna V. Melnyk Variations and covariation in palaeoclimate and palaeomagnetic field, The Hidden Link between Earth's Magnetic Field and Climate (2020), p. 25 | DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-819346-4.00002-4
Chen Zeigen; Ron Shaar; Yael Ebert; Erella Hovers Archaeomagnetism of burnt cherts and hearths from Middle Palaeolithic Amud Cave, Israel: Tools for reconstructing site formation processes and occupation history, Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 107 (2019), p. 71 | DOI:10.1016/j.jas.2019.05.001
G. Hervé; P. Lanos Improvements in Archaeomagnetic Dating in Western Europe from the Late Bronze to the Late Iron Ages: An Alternative to the Problem of the Hallstattian Radiocarbon Plateau, Archaeometry, Volume 60 (2018) no. 4, p. 870 | DOI:10.1111/arcm.12344
Pierre Guibert Dater, une histoire qui date !, ArchéoSciences, Volume 42-1 (2018), p. 85 | DOI:10.4000/archeosciences.5390
Ruth Shahack‐Gross; Ron Shaar; Erez Hassul; Yael Ebert; Mathilde Forget; Norbert Nowaczyk; Shmuel Marco; Israel Finkelstein; Amotz Agnon Fire and collapse: Untangling the formation of destruction layers using archaeomagnetism, Geoarchaeology, Volume 33 (2018) no. 5, p. 513 | DOI:10.1002/gea.21668
Wilbor Poletti; Andrew J. Biggin; Ricardo I.F. Trindade; Gelvam A. Hartmann; Filipe Terra-Nova Continuous millennial decrease of the Earth’s magnetic axial dipole, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 274 (2018), p. 72 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2017.11.005
Natalia Salnaia; Yves Gallet; Agnès Genevey; Ilya Antipov New archeointensity data from Novgorod (North-Western Russia) between c. 1100 and 1700 AD. Implications for the European intensity secular variation, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 269 (2017), p. 18 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2017.05.012
Gwenaël Hervé; Jörg Faβbinder; Stuart A. Gilder; Carola Metzner-Nebelsick; Yves Gallet; Agnès Genevey; Elisabeth Schnepp; Leonhard Geisweid; Anja Pütz; Simone Reuβ; Fabian Wittenborn; Antonia Flontas; Rainer Linke; Gerd Riedel; Florian Walter; Imke Westhausen Fast geomagnetic field intensity variations between 1400 and 400 BCE: New archaeointensity data from Germany, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 270 (2017), p. 143 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2017.07.002
Daniel Mayer; Milan Stork Effect of Geomagnetic Storms on Electric Networks, Reactive Power Control in AC Power Systems (2017), p. 611 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-51118-4_16
Patrick Arneitz; Ramon Egli; Roman Leonhardt Unbiased analysis of geomagnetic data sets and comparison of historical data with paleomagnetic and archeomagnetic records, Reviews of Geophysics, Volume 55 (2017) no. 1, p. 5 | DOI:10.1002/2016rg000527
I. G. Usoskin; Y. Gallet; F. Lopes; G. A. Kovaltsov; G. Hulot Solar activity during the Holocene: the Hallstatt cycle and its consequence for grand minima and maxima, Astronomy Astrophysics, Volume 587 (2016), p. A150 | DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201527295
Gwenaël Hervé; Annick Chauvin; Pierre-Yves Milcent; Arthur Tramon Archaeointensity study of five Late Bronze Age fireplaces from Corent (Auvergne, France), Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Volume 7 (2016), p. 414 | DOI:10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.05.018
Agnès Genevey; Yves Gallet; Sébastien Jesset; Erwan Thébault; Jérôme Bouillon; Annie Lefèvre; Maxime Le Goff New archeointensity data from French Early Medieval pottery production (6th–10th century AD). Tracing 1500 years of geomagnetic field intensity variations in Western Europe, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 257 (2016), p. 205 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2016.06.001
Emilio Herrero-Bervera Spot Reading of the Absolute Paleointensity of the Geomagnetic Field Obtained from Potsherds (Age Ca. 500-430 AD) in Teotihuacan, Mexico, Archaeological Discovery, Volume 03 (2015) no. 02, p. 72 | DOI:10.4236/ad.2015.32008
Y. Gallet; P. Butterlin Archaeological and Geomagnetic Implications of New Archaeomagnetic Intensity Data from the Early Bronze High Terrace ‘Massif Rouge’ at Mari (Tell Hariri, Syria), Archaeometry, Volume 57 (2015) no. S1, p. 263 | DOI:10.1111/arcm.12112
C. Kissel; C. Laj; A. Rodriguez-Gonzalez; F. Perez-Torrado; J.C. Carracedo; C. Wandres Holocene geomagnetic field intensity variations: Contribution from the low latitude Canary Islands site, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 430 (2015), p. 178 | DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.08.005
Cathy Batt Archaeomagnetic Dating, Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods (2015), p. 73 | DOI:10.1007/978-94-007-6304-3_11
Yves Gallet; Maxime Le Goff; W. Lee Rehydration and Rehydroxylation in Ancient Ceramics: New Constraints from Mass Gain Analyses Versus Annealing Temperatures, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Volume 98 (2015) no. 9, p. 2738 | DOI:10.1111/jace.13674
Yves Gallet; Miquel Molist Montaña; Agnès Genevey; Xavier Clop García; Erwan Thébault; Anna Gómez Bach; Maxime Le Goff; Béatrice Robert; Inga Nachasova New Late Neolithic (c. 7000–5000 BC) archeointensity data from Syria. Reconstructing 9000years of archeomagnetic field intensity variations in the Middle East, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 238 (2015), p. 89 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2014.11.003
C. Laj; J.E.T. Channell Geomagnetic Excursions, Treatise on Geophysics (2015), p. 343 | DOI:10.1016/b978-0-444-53802-4.00104-4
Francisco Javier Pavón‐Carrasco; Miriam Gómez‐Paccard; Gwenaël Hervé; María Luisa Osete; Annick Chauvin Intensity of the geomagnetic field in Europe for the last 3 ka: Influence of data quality on geomagnetic field modeling, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Volume 15 (2014) no. 6, p. 2515 | DOI:10.1002/2014gc005311
Patrick Arneitz; Andrea Draxler; Roman Rauch; Roman Leonhardt Orientation of churches by magnetic compasses?, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 198 (2014) no. 1, p. 1 | DOI:10.1093/gji/ggu107
Yves Gallet; Marta D'Andrea; Agnès Genevey; Frances Pinnock; Maxime Le Goff; Paolo Matthiae Archaeomagnetism at Ebla (Tell Mardikh, Syria). New data on geomagnetic field intensity variations in the Near East during the Bronze Age, Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 42 (2014), p. 295 | DOI:10.1016/j.jas.2013.11.007
Maxime Le Goff; Yves Gallet Evaluation of the rehydroxylation dating method: Insights from a new measurement device, Quaternary Geochronology, Volume 20 (2014), p. 89 | DOI:10.1016/j.quageo.2013.12.001
G. Fanjat; P. Camps; L.M. Alva Valdivia; M.T. Sougrati; M. Cuevas-Garcia; M. Perrin First archeointensity determinations on Maya incense burners from Palenque temples, Mexico: New data to constrain the Mesoamerica secular variation curve, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 363 (2013), p. 168 | DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.035
Cathy Batt Archaeomagnetic Dating, Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods (2013), p. 1 | DOI:10.1007/978-94-007-6326-5_11-1
A. Genevey; Y. Gallet; E. Thébault; S. Jesset; M. Le Goff Geomagnetic field intensity variations in Western Europe over the past 1100 years, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Volume 14 (2013) no. 8, p. 2858 | DOI:10.1002/ggge.20165
B. Aguilar Reyes; A. Goguitchaichvili; J. Morales; V. H. Garduño; M. Pineda; C. Carvallo; Tomas González Moran; Isabel Israde; Manuel Calvo Rathert An integrated archeomagnetic and C14study on pre‐Columbian potsherds and associated charcoals intercalated between Holocene lacustrine sediments in Western Mexico: Geomagnetic implications, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Volume 118 (2013) no. 6, p. 2753 | DOI:10.1002/jgrb.50196
G. Fanjat; E. Aidona; D. Kondopoulou; P. Camps; C. Rathossi; T. Poidras Archeointensities in Greece during the Neolithic period: New insights into material selection and secular variation curve, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 215 (2013), p. 29 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2012.10.011
Gwenaël Hervé; Annick Chauvin; Philippe Lanos Geomagnetic field variations in Western Europe from 1500BC to 200AD. Part II: New intensity secular variation curve, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 218 (2013), p. 51 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2013.02.003
Alexis Licht; Gauthier Hulot; Yves Gallet; Erwan Thébault Ensembles of low degree archeomagnetic field models for the past three millennia, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 224 (2013), p. 38 | DOI:10.1016/j.pepi.2013.08.007
A. GOGUITCHAICHVILI; D. LOPONTE; J. MORALES; A. ACOSTA THE ARCHAEOINTENSITY OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD RETRIEVED FROM PAMPEAN CERAMICS (SOUTH AMERICA), Archaeometry, Volume 54 (2012) no. 2, p. 388 | DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00620.x
Miriam Gómez-Paccard; Annick Chauvin; Philippe Lanos; Philippe Dufresne; Mary Kovacheva; Mimi J. Hill; Elisabet Beamud; Sophie Blain; Armel Bouvier; Pierre Guibert Improving our knowledge of rapid geomagnetic field intensity changes observed in Europe between 200 and 1400 AD, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 355-356 (2012), p. 131 | DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.08.037
P. Ertepinar; C.G. Langereis; A.J. Biggin; M. Frangipane; T. Matney; T. Ökse; A. Engin Archaeomagnetic study of five mounds from Upper Mesopotamia between 2500 and 700 BCE: Further evidence for an extremely strong geomagnetic field ca. 3000 years ago, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 357-358 (2012), p. 84 | DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.08.039
Gianluca Catanzariti; Miriam Gómez-Paccard; Gregg McIntosh; Francisco J. Pavón-Carrasco; Annick Chauvin; María L. Osete New archaeomagnetic data recovered from the study of Roman and Visigothic remains from central Spain (3rd-7th centuries), Geophysical Journal International, Volume 188 (2012) no. 3, p. 979 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05315.x
Miriam Gómez-Paccard; Gregg McIntosh; Annick Chauvin; Elisabet Beamud; Francisco J. Pavón-Carrasco; Jacques Thiriot Archaeomagnetic and rock magnetic study of six kilns from North Africa (Tunisia and Morocco), Geophysical Journal International, Volume 189 (2012) no. 1, p. 169 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05335.x
L. Ménabréaz; D. L. Bourlès; N. Thouveny Amplitude and timing of the Laschamp geomagnetic dipole low from the global atmospheric 10Be overproduction: Contribution of authigenic 10Be/9Be ratios in west equatorial Pacific sediments, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Volume 117 (2012) no. B11 | DOI:10.1029/2012jb009256
Gwenaël Hervé; Elisabeth Schnepp; Annick Chauvin; Philippe Lanos; Norbert Nowaczyk Archaeomagnetic results on three Early Iron Age salt-kilns from Moyenvic (France), Geophysical Journal International, Volume 185 (2011) no. 1, p. 144 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.04933.x
F. Javier Pavón‐Carrasco; Maria Luisa Osete; J. Miquel Torta Regional modeling of the geomagnetic field in Europe from 6000 to 1000 B.C., Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Volume 11 (2010) no. 11 | DOI:10.1029/2010gc003197
Jonathan T. Hagstrum; Eric Blinman Archeomagnetic dating in western North America: An updated reference curve based on paleomagnetic and archeomagnetic data sets, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Volume 11 (2010) no. 6 | DOI:10.1029/2009gc002979
Modesto Pineda Duran; Avto Goguitchaichvili; Juan Morales; Bertha Aguilar Reyes; Luis M. Alva Valdivia; Arturo Oliveros-Morales; Manuel Calvo-Rathert; Tomas Gonzalez Moran; Jasinto Robles-Camacho Magnetic properties and Archeointensity of Earth’s magnetic field recovered from El Opeño, earliest funeral architecture known in Western Mesoamerica, Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, Volume 54 (2010) no. 4, p. 575 | DOI:10.1007/s11200-010-0035-5

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