Atomic structure of bulk metallic glasses and their supercooled liquid states probed by high-energy synchrotron light

K. Georgarakis; A.R. Yavari; D.V. Louzguine; G. Vaughan; W.J. Botta

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2011.12.010

Use of large scale facilities for research in metallurgy

Atomic structure of bulk metallic glasses and their supercooled liquid states probed by high-energy synchrotron light
[La structure atomique des verres métalliques massifs et de leurs états de liquides surfondus sondée par diffraction de la lumière haute-énergie du synchrotron]

K. Georgarakis ^1,² ; A.R. Yavari ¹ ; D.V. Louzguine ² ; G. Vaughan ³ ; W.J. Botta ⁴

¹ SIMAP-CNRS, institut polytechnique de Grenoble, BP 75, Saint-Martin-dʼHères campus, 38402 Saint-Martin-dʼHères, France
² WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Japan
³ European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
⁴ DeMa, Univ. Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Use of large scale facilities for research in metallurgy / Utilisation des grands instruments pour la recherche en métallurgie , Volume 13 (2012) no. 3, pp. 218-226.

Résumé
Abstract

Comme les verres classiques, de nombreux verres métalliques massifs manifestent une température de transition vitreuse $T_{g}$ au cours du chauffage avant de se cristalliser. Si la nature exacte de la structure atomique dʼun verre métallique dépend de son histoire thermo-mécanique (vitesse de trempe, la déformation plastique, …), une unique et reproductible structure atomique moyenne est atteinte si la température de transition vitreuse peut être approchée de manière réversible. Toutefois, un verre métallique est toujours métastable et se cristallise dans un temps, t, au voisinage ou au-dessus de sa $T_{g}$ de telle manière que toute lʼinformation dans les espaces réciproque et réel sur lʼétat totalement vitreux à $T ⩾ T_{g}$ doit être obtenue dans des temps dʼacquisition $τ_{a} ≪ t$ et cette condition est en général difficile à atteindre avec les dispositifs classiques de diffraction des rayons-X. Nous rapportons ici les expériences de diffraction de la lumière synchrotron de haute énergie en transmission pour sonder la structure atomique de verres métalliques massifs. Des exemples sont donnés de la détermination de la transition vitreuse isochore $T_{g}$ , la mesure du volume-libre dʼexcès piégé par la trempe. Nous présentons également lʼévolution de la structure atomique dans la région du liquide sous-refroidi ( $T > T_{g}$ ) et son rôle dans lʼamélioration de la formabilité des verres métalliques.

Like non-metallic glasses, many bulk metallic glasses manifest a glass-transition temperature $T_{g}$ during heating prior to crystallisation. While the exact nature of the atomic structure of a metallic glass depends on its thermo-mechanical history (quench-rate, plastic deformation, …), a unique and reproducible average atomic structure is attained if the glass transition temperature can be approached in a reversible manner. However, a metallic glass is always metastable and crystallises within a time t near or above its $T_{g}$ in such a way that any reciprocal or real-space information on the fully glassy state at $T ⩾ T_{g}$ must be completed within acquisition times $τ_{a} ≪ t$ and this condition is in general difficult to attain with conventional X-ray diffraction devices.

Here we report on experiments using high-energy, high-flux synchrotron light in the transmission for probing of the atomic structure of bulk metallic glasses. Examples are given of the determination of the isochoric glass transition $T_{g}$ and the quenched-in free-volume. Finally, we report on the evolution of the atomic structure in the supercooled liquid region ( $T > T_{g}$ ) and its role in the enhancement of glass formability.

Publié le : 2012-02-02

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2011.12.010

Keywords: Bulk metallic glasses, Atomic structure, Synchrotron light, Supercooled liquid
Mots-clés : Verres métalliques massifs, Structure atomique, Lumière du synchrotron, Liquide surfondu

Affiliations des auteurs :

K. Georgarakis ^{1, 2} ; A.R. Yavari ¹ ; D.V. Louzguine ² ; G. Vaughan ³ ; W.J. Botta ⁴

¹ SIMAP-CNRS, institut polytechnique de Grenoble, BP 75, Saint-Martin-dʼHères campus, 38402 Saint-Martin-dʼHères, France
² WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Japan
³ European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
⁴ DeMa, Univ. Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), SP, Brazil

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     author = {K. Georgarakis and A.R. Yavari and D.V. Louzguine and G. Vaughan and W.J. Botta},
     title = {Atomic structure of bulk metallic glasses and their supercooled liquid states probed by high-energy synchrotron light},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
     pages = {218--226},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     volume = {13},
     number = {3},
     year = {2012},
     doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2011.12.010},
     language = {en},
}

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K. Georgarakis; A.R. Yavari; D.V. Louzguine; G. Vaughan; W.J. Botta. Atomic structure of bulk metallic glasses and their supercooled liquid states probed by high-energy synchrotron light. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Use of large scale facilities for research in metallurgy / 
Utilisation des grands instruments pour la recherche en métallurgie
, Volume 13 (2012) no. 3, pp. 218-226. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2011.12.010. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2011.12.010/

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