[Graphène sous champ magnétique intense]
Les nano-matériaux à base de carbone, tels que le graphène et les nanotubes de carbone, représentent un domaine de recherche fascinant dédié à lʼexploration de leurs propriétés physiques et électroniques remarquables. Ces matériaux ne sont pas que des curiosités pour les physiciens, ils sont aussi très prometteurs pour des applications pratiques et ont même été suggérés comme composants élémentaires de lʼélectronique du futur. Dans le cas du graphène, son potentiel est déjà exploité dans le domaine de lʼopto-électronique. En effet, de récentes avancées technologiques ont permis son intégration dans des cellules photo-voltaïques, dans des lasers ultra-rapides, des écrans tactiles ou encore des photo-détecteurs. Bien que la technologie photo-voltaïque soit encore dominée par lʼutilisation du silicium, le graphene serait susceptible de le remplacer à terme. Cependant, avant que de telles recherches appliquées ne débutent, il fut nécessaire de découvrir et de démontrer le potentiel des nano-objets à base de carbone, ce qui constitue le rôle de la recherche fondamentale. Dans ce contexte, lʼapplication dʼun champ magnétique externe se révèle extrêmement utile afin de sonder leurs propriétés fondamentales car il agit tel un paramètre ajustable qui modifie leurs structures de bande électronique. Afin dʼentrevoir ces changements, il est nécessaire dʼutiliser des champs magnétiques très intenses, soit continus soit pulsés en fonction des contraintes de lʼexpérience. Dans cet article, nous passons en revue quelques une des expériences notables réalisées sur des nano-objets uniques et dans des conditions extrêmes de température et de champ magnétique. Nous focaliserons notre discussion sur les réalisations expérimentales de magnéto-optique et de magnéto-transport qui ont permis de mieux caractériser la quantification en niveaux de Landau du spectre énergétique des électrons de Dirac dans le graphène et le graphite aminci.
Carbon-based nano-materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, represent a fascinating research area aiming at exploring their remarkable physical and electronic properties. These materials not only constitute a playground for physicists, they are also very promising for practical applications and are envisioned as elementary bricks of the future of the nano-electronics. As for graphene, its potential already lies in the domain of opto-electronics where its unique electronic and optical properties can be fully exploited. Indeed, recent technological advances have demonstrated its effectiveness in the fabrication of solar cells and ultra-fast lasers, as well as touch-screens and sensitive photo-detectors. Although the photo-voltaic technology is now dominated by silicon-based devices, the use of graphene could very well provide higher efficiency. However, before the applied research to take place, one must first demonstrates the operativeness of carbon-based nano-materials, and this is where the fundamental research comes into play. In this context, the use of magnetic field has been proven extremely useful for addressing their fundamental properties as it provides an external and adjustable parameter which drastically modifies their electronic band structure. In order to induce some significant changes, very high magnetic fields are required and can be provided using both DC and pulsed technology, depending of the experimental constraints. In this article, we review some of the challenging experiments on single nano-objects performed in high magnetic and low temperature. We shall mainly focus on the high-field magneto-optical and magneto-transport experiments which provided comprehensive understanding of the peculiar Landau level quantization of the Dirac-type charge carriers in graphene and thin graphite.
Mot clés : Graphène, Graphite, Champ magnétique
Milan Orlita 1, 2 ; Walter Escoffier 3 ; Paulina Plochocka 3 ; Bertrand Raquet 3 ; Uli Zeitler 4
@article{CRPHYS_2013__14_1_78_0,
author = {Milan Orlita and Walter Escoffier and Paulina Plochocka and Bertrand Raquet and Uli Zeitler},
title = {Graphene in high magnetic fields},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {78--93},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2012.11.003},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Milan Orlita AU - Walter Escoffier AU - Paulina Plochocka AU - Bertrand Raquet AU - Uli Zeitler TI - Graphene in high magnetic fields JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2013 SP - 78 EP - 93 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2012.11.003 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2013__14_1_78_0 ER -
Milan Orlita; Walter Escoffier; Paulina Plochocka; Bertrand Raquet; Uli Zeitler. Graphene in high magnetic fields. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 14 (2013) no. 1, pp. 78-93. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2012.11.003. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2012.11.003/
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