Aggregation of red blood cells: From rouleaux to clot formation

Christian Wagner; Patrick Steffen; Saša Svetina

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2013.04.004

Living fluids/Fluides vivants

Aggregation of red blood cells: From rouleaux to clot formation
[Agrégation des globules rouges : De la formation des rouleaux à celle des caillots]

Christian Wagner ¹ ; Patrick Steffen ¹ ; Saša Svetina ^2,³

¹ Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, Postfach 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
² Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
³ Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 14 (2013) no. 6, pp. 459-469.

Résumé
Abstract

Il est bien connu que les globules rouges forment des agrégats, connus sous le nom de rouleaux. Il est souvent admis que ce phénomène dʼagrégation est réversible, mais lʼélucidation précise des mécanismes à lʼœuvre dans le processus conduisant à la liaison entre globules rouges est loin dʼêtre achevée. Il existe dans la littérature au moins deux modèles distincts, lʼun est basé sur la formation de ponts moléculaires, lʼautre sur la notion de déplétion. Nous passons en revue les résultats expérimentaux récents à lʼéchelle cellulaire et analysons le modèle théorique basé sur la notion de déplétion. Nous discuterons lʼinfluence de la forme cellulaire sur la force de liaison. Un autre mécanisme dʼagrégation jouant un rôle important in vivo est celui associé à lʼactivation plaquettaire. Ceci peut conduire à la formation de caillots sanguins, processus vital lorsquʼil sʼagit de cicatrisation de blessures, mais qui peut être également fatal, constituant une cause majeure de décès, lorsquʼil sʼagit de thrombose.

Red blood cells are known to form aggregates in the form of rouleaux. This aggregation process is believed to be reversible, but there is still no full understanding on the adhesion mechanism. There are at least two competing models, based either on bridging or on depletion. We review recent experimental results on the single cell level and theoretical analyses of the depletion model and of the influence of the cell shape on the adhesion strength. Another important aggregation mechanism is caused by activation of platelets. This leads to clot formation which is life-saving in the case of wound healing, but also a major cause of death in the case of a thrombus induced stroke. We review historical and recent results on the participation of red blood cells in clot formation.

Publié le : 2013-05-30

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.04.004

Keywords: Red blood cells, Depletion, Aggregation
Mot clés : Globules rouges, Dépletion, Agrégation

Affiliations des auteurs :

Christian Wagner ¹ ; Patrick Steffen ¹ ; Saša Svetina ^{2, 3}

¹ Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, Postfach 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
² Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
³ Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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     title = {Aggregation of red blood cells: {From} rouleaux to clot formation},
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Christian Wagner; Patrick Steffen; Saša Svetina. Aggregation of red blood cells: From rouleaux to clot formation. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 14 (2013) no. 6, pp. 459-469. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2013.04.004. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2013.04.004/

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