Cosmic rays from the knee to the ankle

Mario Edoardo Bertaina

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2014.03.001

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays / Rayons cosmiques de ultra-haute énergie

Cosmic rays from the knee to the ankle
[Rayons cosmiques du genou à la cheville]

Mario Edoardo Bertaina ¹

¹ Department of Physics, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 15 (2014) no. 4, pp. 300-308.

Résumé
Abstract

La forme et la composition du spectre des primaires ainsi que les anisotropies à grande échelle dans la distribution d'arrivée des rayons cosmiques sont des éléments clés pour comprendre l'origine, l'accélération et la propagation du rayonnement galactique. En dehors des particularités spectrales bien connues que sont le genou et la cheville, la mesure du spectre en énergie révèle également, entre ces deux particularités, une déviation claire, bien que moins prononcée, par rapport à une loi de puissance unique : le spectre se durcit jusqu'à $\sim 2 \times 10^{16} eV$ et tombe ensuite à partir de $\sim 10^{17} eV$ . La composition en masse, quant à elle, devient plus lourde après le genou, et ce jusqu'à $\sim 10^{17} eV$ , valeur à partir de laquelle elle chute rapidement. Un durcissement de la composante légère au-dessus de $10^{17} eV$ a aussi été mesuré. De premières indications d'anisotropies dans les mesures des directions d'arrivée depuis l'hémisphère sud ont été rapportées à $\sim 10^{15} eV$ .

The shape and composition of the primary spectrum as well as the large-scale anisotropy in the arrival direction of cosmic rays are key elements to understand the origin, acceleration and propagation of the Galactic radiation. Besides the well-known knee and ankle features, the measured energy spectrum exhibits also a less pronounced but still clear deviation from a single power law between the knee and the ankle, with a spectral hardening at $\sim 2 \times 10^{16} eV$ and a steepening at $\sim 10^{17} eV$ . The average mass composition gets heavier after the knee till $\sim 10^{17} eV$ , where a bending of the heavy component is observed. An indication of a hardening of the light component just above $10^{17} eV$ has been measured as well. First indications of anisotropy of the arrival direction in the southern hemisphere have been reported at $\sim 10^{15} eV$ .

Publié le : 2014-03-19

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2014.03.001

Keywords: Cosmic rays, Energy spectrum, Mass composition, Anisotropy, Knee, Ankle
Mot clés : Rayons cosmiques, Spectre en énergie, Composition en masse, Anisotropies, Genou, Cheville

Affiliations des auteurs :

Mario Edoardo Bertaina ¹

¹ Department of Physics, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 1, 10125 Torino, Italy

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     author = {Mario Edoardo Bertaina},
     title = {Cosmic rays from the knee to the ankle},
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     doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2014.03.001},
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Mario Edoardo Bertaina. Cosmic rays from the knee to the ankle. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 15 (2014) no. 4, pp. 300-308. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2014.03.001. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2014.03.001/

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