[Les mousses liquides et solides : Introduction générale (matériaux, propriétés principales et applications)]
Cet article constitue une introduction générale à la diversité des structures que peuvent épouser les mousses, avec un coup de projecteur sur les propriétés structurales, mécaniques et dynamiques correspondantes. Deux classes de matériaux sont envisagées : les mousses liquides et semi-solides, d'une part, les mousses solides, d'autre part. Ces dernières se subdivisent en mousses métalliques, céramiques et organiques, selon la nature du squelette solide qui supporte la structure cellulaire globale. Les mousses solides dérivent généralement du concept de structures métalliques légères, mais elles peuvent tout aussi bien être employées pour leur grande surface accessible ou pour leurs propriétés acoustiques et thermiques. Les biomatériaux modernes utilisent des mousses céramiques façonnées ou des mousses organocéramiques comme charpentes osseuses, tandis que des structures hiérarchiquement micro- and nanoporeuses sont utilisées en chimie pour contrôler les réactions catalytiques. La conception de futurs matériaux ainsi que leur développement va de manière croissante reposer sur des structures et des propriétés de mousses naturelles et synthétiques, qu'il s'agisse d'aliments, d'isolants thermiques ou de châssis d'automobiles, ce qui nous offre un aperçu prometteur de la recherche dans le domaine des mousses et des développements à venir dans un futur proche.
A general introduction about the diversity of foam structures is given with focus onto the structural, mechanical and dynamical properties at hand. Two classes of materials are addressed: liquid and semi-solid foams, on the one hand, solid foams, on the other hand. The latter can be subdivided into metallic, ceramic and organic foams, depending on the nature of the solid skeleton that supports the overall cell structure. Solid foams generally stem from the concept of mechanical light-weight structures, but they can just as well be employed for their large surface area as well as for their acoustic and thermal properties. Modern biomaterials use tailored ceramic or organo-ceramic foams as bone scaffolds, whereas hierarchically micro- and nanoporous structures are being used by chemistry to control catalytic reactions. Future materials design and development is going to rely increasingly on natural and synthetic foam structures and properties, be it food, thermal insulators or car frames, thus giving a promising outlook onto the foam research and development that is about to come.
Mot clés : Mousses, Mécanique des mousses, Drainage, Grossissement, Mousses métalliques
@article{CRPHYS_2014__15_8-9_653_0,
author = {Simon Zabler},
title = {General introduction: {Liquid} and solid (materials, main properties and applications\,{\textellipsis})},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {653--661},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {15},
number = {8-9},
year = {2014},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2014.09.005},
language = {en},
}
Simon Zabler. General introduction: Liquid and solid (materials, main properties and applications …). Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 15 (2014) no. 8-9, pp. 653-661. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2014.09.005. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2014.09.005/
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