[Le « bâtiment intelligent » intégré dans les « réseaux intelligents » : un défi clé pour la transition énergétique. Modèles physiques et optimisation associés à une approche intégrant l'acteur humain dans la boucle]
L'enjeu du XXIe siècle est de faire décroître la consommation des énergies fossiles au profit des énergies renouvelables sous la pression climatique. Ce papier montre que les bâtiments intelligents (smart buildings), intégrés dans des réseaux intelligents (smart grids), peuvent significativement contribuer à cet objectif. En effet, les bâtiments sont, d'une part, les plus grands consommateurs d'énergie dans le réseau électrique et pourraient devenir l'un des plus grands producteurs d'énergie renouvelable, en particulier grâce au concept de bâtiment à énergie positive, et ceci en offrant dans le même temps un important gisement de « flexibilité » en demande énergétique. C'est pourquoi cet article se focalise sur des méthodologies utilisant des modèles physiques et l'optimisation pour une conception et une supervision « intelligentes », afin de valoriser les propriétés énergétiques de ces bâtiments et contribuer ainsi au concept de smart building intégré dans des smart grids : nous donnerons un aperçu des méthodes mathématiques d'optimisation utilisées et des types de modèles physiques que nous avons développés au cours d'une recherche qui s'est déroulée sur plus de dix ans, de manière à proposer ainsi des approches logicielles dédiées à ces smart buildings intégrés à des smart grids. Nous détaillerons aussi notre stratégie globale de recherche pour améliorer ce type de logiciel « intelligent », par une approche dite « humain dans la boucle » (human in the loop), dans laquelle nous considérons qu'il n'y aura pas de « bâtiments intelligents » sans « utilisateurs intelligents ». Ceci implique une recherche interdisciplinaire complexe, que nous développons dans un living lab dans lequel les usagers sont impliqués comme consom'acteurs (pro'sumers), c'est-à-dire comme concepteurs et usagers actifs.
The big challenge for the 21th century is to decrease fossil energy use and to increase renewable energies in the framework of the climate constraint. The paper will show that smart buildings, connected to smart grids, can significantly contribute to this objective. Indeed, buildings are, on one side, the biggest consumers of energy in the electrical grid and could be among the greatest producers of renewable energy, especially thanks to the concept of energy positive buildings, and this by offering at the same time high flexibility in energy demand. That is why the paper focuses on methodologies using physical models and optimization for smart design and smart supervision for valorizing those buildings energy properties and contribute thus to the emergence of the concept of smart buildings (SBs) integrated in smart grids (SGs): we will give an overview of the mathematical optimization method used and of the kind of physical models we have developed over 10 years of active research in order to propose by this way a smart software dedicated to those SBs integrated in SGs. We explain also our global research strategy for improving this smart software, by a so-called “human-in-the-loop” approach, in which we consider that they there will be no “smart building” without “smart users”. This means a complex multi-disciplinary research that we develop in a “living lab”, in which the inhabitants are involved as “pro'sumers”, i.e. as active and implicated designers and users.
Mot clés : Bâtiment intelligent, Réseau intelligent, Optimisation pour bâtiment intelligent, Modèles physiques pour bâtiments intelligents, « Living lab », « Consom'acteurs »
@article{CRPHYS_2017__18_7-8_428_0,
author = {Fr\'ed\'eric Wurtz and Beno{\^\i}t Delinchant},
title = {{\textquotedblleft}Smart buildings{\textquotedblright} integrated in {\textquotedblleft}smart grids{\textquotedblright}: {A} key challenge for the energy transition by using physical models and optimization with a {\textquotedblleft}human-in-the-loop{\textquotedblright} approach},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {428--444},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {18},
number = {7-8},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2017.09.007},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Frédéric Wurtz AU - Benoît Delinchant TI - “Smart buildings” integrated in “smart grids”: A key challenge for the energy transition by using physical models and optimization with a “human-in-the-loop” approach JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2017 SP - 428 EP - 444 VL - 18 IS - 7-8 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.09.007 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2017__18_7-8_428_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Frédéric Wurtz %A Benoît Delinchant %T “Smart buildings” integrated in “smart grids”: A key challenge for the energy transition by using physical models and optimization with a “human-in-the-loop” approach %J Comptes Rendus. Physique %D 2017 %P 428-444 %V 18 %N 7-8 %I Elsevier %R 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.09.007 %G en %F CRPHYS_2017__18_7-8_428_0
Frédéric Wurtz; Benoît Delinchant. “Smart buildings” integrated in “smart grids”: A key challenge for the energy transition by using physical models and optimization with a “human-in-the-loop” approach. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 18 (2017) no. 7-8, pp. 428-444. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.09.007. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2017.09.007/
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