LED lighting efficacy: Status and directions

Paul Morgan Pattison; Monica Hansen; Jeffrey Y. Tsao

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.013

LEDs: the new revolution in lighting / Les LED : la nouvelle révolution de l'éclairage

LED lighting efficacy: Status and directions
[Efficacité de l'éclairage LED : état de l'art et directions]

Paul Morgan Pattison ^1,² ; Monica Hansen ^1,³ ; Jeffrey Y. Tsao ^1,⁴

¹ U.S. Department of Energy Solid State Lighting Program, Washington, DC, USA
² SSLS, Inc., Johnson City, TN, USA
³ LED Lighting Advisors, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
⁴ Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA

Comptes Rendus. Physique, LEDs: The new revolution in lighting / Les LED : la nouvelle révolution de l’éclairage, Volume 19 (2018) no. 3, pp. 134-145.

Résumé
Abstract

Un passage radical des techniques d'éclairage conventionnelles (incandescent, fluorescent, décharge de haute intensité) aux technologies LED est en train de s'opérer. La première raison de cette mutation est à rechercher dans l'efficacité énergétique de ces dernières et dans les économies associées. L'éclairage LED est maintenant plus efficace qu'aucune des technologies d'éclairage conventionnelles, mais il reste de l'espace pour des améliorations. À court terme, les ensembles à LED converties au phosphore peuvent encore voir leur efficacité améliorée de 160 lm/W à 255 lm/W. À long terme, il est concevable que les ensembles à LED à mélange de LED de différentes couleurs puissent atteindre des niveaux d'efficacité de 330 lm/W, quoiqu'atteindre de telles performances demande des avancées majeures du côté des LED de couleurs verte et ambre. L'efficacité des ensembles à LED détermine la limite supérieure du luminaire, ce dernier contenant ses propres canaux de perte d'efficacité. Dans cet article, sur la base d'analyses réalisées au Department of Energy au sein du Solid State Lighting Program américain, différents canaux de perte des LED et des luminaires ont été élucidés, et des domaines critiques permettant leur amélioration ont été identifiés. Au-delà d'économies d'énergie massives, la technologie LED permet de nouvelles applications et une valeur ajoutée non possible ou non économiquement faisable avec les anciennes technologies d'éclairage. Celles-ci incluent l'éclairage connecté, l'éclairage adapté aux réponses physiologiques humaines, l'éclairage horticole et l'éclairage respectueux de l'écologie. Aucune de ces nouvelles applications ne serait viable sans les hautes efficacités qui ont été atteintes, et qui ne sont elles-mêmes que les prémices de ce que l'éclairage LED peut faire.

A monumental shift from conventional lighting technologies (incandescent, fluorescent, high intensity discharge) to LED lighting is currently transpiring. The primary driver for this shift has been energy efficiency and associated cost savings. LED lighting is now more efficacious than any of the conventional lighting technologies with room to still improve. Near term, phosphor-converted LED packages have the potential for efficacy improvement between 160 lm/W (now) to 255 lm/W. Longer term, color-mixed LED packages have the potential for efficacy levels conceivably as high as 330 lm/W, though reaching these performance levels requires breakthroughs in green and amber LED efficiency. LED package efficacy sets the upper limit to luminaire efficacy, with the luminaire containing its own efficacy loss channels. In this paper, based on analyses performed through the U.S. Department of Energy Solid State Lighting Program, various LED and luminaire loss channels are elucidated, and critical areas for improvement identified. Beyond massive energy savings, LED technology enables a host of new applications and added value not possible or economical with previous lighting technologies. These include connected lighting, lighting tailored for human physiological responses, horticultural lighting, and ecologically conscious lighting. None of these new applications would be viable if not for the high efficacies that have been achieved, and are themselves just the beginning of what LED lighting can do.

Publié le : 2017-12-28

DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.013

Keywords: Light-emitting diodes, Solid-state lighting, Energy efficiency
Mots-clés : Diodes émettrices de lumière, Éclairage à l'état solide, Efficacité énergétique

Affiliations des auteurs :

Paul Morgan Pattison ^{1, 2} ; Monica Hansen ^{1, 3} ; Jeffrey Y. Tsao ^{1, 4}

¹ U.S. Department of Energy Solid State Lighting Program, Washington, DC, USA
² SSLS, Inc., Johnson City, TN, USA
³ LED Lighting Advisors, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
⁴ Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA

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Paul Morgan Pattison; Monica Hansen; Jeffrey Y. Tsao. LED lighting efficacy: Status and directions. Comptes Rendus. Physique, LEDs: The new revolution in lighting / Les LED : la nouvelle révolution de l’éclairage, Volume 19 (2018) no. 3, pp. 134-145. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.013. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.013/

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Michael Murray; Izabela Naydenova; Suzanne Martin Review of recent advances in photosensitive polymer materials and requirements for transmission diffractive optical elements for LED light sources, Optical Materials Express, Volume 13 (2023) no. 12, p. 3481 | DOI:10.1364/ome.502234
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Yu Haibo; Zhang Lei; Yu Haiye; Liu Yucheng; Liu Chunhui; Sui Yuanyuan Sustainable Development Optimization of a Plant Factory for Reducing Tip Burn Disease, Sustainability, Volume 15 (2023) no. 6, p. 5607 | DOI:10.3390/su15065607
Sean P. Dunfield; Amy E. Louks; Jay Waxse; Robert Tirawat; Steve Robbins; Joseph J. Berry; Matthew O. Reese Forty-two days in the SPA, building a stability parameter analyzer to probe degradation mechanisms in perovskite photovoltaic devices, Sustainable Energy Fuels, Volume 7 (2023) no. 14, p. 3294 | DOI:10.1039/d3se00327b
Shir Yudco; Juan Bisquert; Lioz Etgar Enhanced LED Performance by Ion Migration in Multiple Quantum Well Perovskite, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Volume 14 (2023) no. 51, p. 11610 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02822
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Yunping Huang; Theodore A. Cohen; Christine K. Luscombe Naturally Derived Organic Dyes for LED Lightings of High Color Rendering and Fidelity Index, Advanced Sustainable Systems, Volume 6 (2022) no. 2 | DOI:10.1002/adsu.202000300
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Santosh Kokate; Smita Gupta; Vijayakumar Gupta Kopuri; Halan Prakash Energy efficient photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by g-C3N4 under 400 nm LED irradiation for degradation of Acid Orange 7, Chemosphere, Volume 287 (2022), p. 132099 | DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132099
Naomi Wagura; Elisa Lai Regulating On- and Off-Grid Lighting and Appliances in Eastern and Southern Africa, Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting (2022), p. 345 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-79124-7_23
Sifat Ibne Mushfique; Ahmad Alsharoa; Murat Yuksel MirrorVLC: Optimal Mirror Placement for Multielement VLC Networks, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Volume 21 (2022) no. 11, p. 10050 | DOI:10.1109/twc.2022.3182013
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Gihyun Song; Eun-Seong Moon; Jeong-Jun Park; Sang-Min Song; Se-Jin Yook Performance investigation of radial heat sink with pin fins placed normally on circular base edge, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Volume 171 (2022), p. 107187 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2021.107187
Hayley J. Austin; Brandon Mitchell; Dolf Timmerman; Jun Tatebayashi; Shuhei Ichikawa; Yasufumi Fujiwara; Volkmar Dierolf Modeling defect mediated color-tunability in LEDs with Eu-doped GaN-based active layers, Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 131 (2022) no. 4 | DOI:10.1063/5.0077223
Subarna Roy; Parthasarathi Satvaya; Sourin Bhattacharya; Sanjib Majumder; Sudipta Majumder; Imran Hossain Sardar An exposition of a road lighting model to facilitate simple estimation of road surface illuminance parameters for conventional system specifications and recommendations for retrofitting of luminaires, Journal of Optics, Volume 51 (2022) no. 2, p. 444 | DOI:10.1007/s12596-021-00792-x
Priyanka Nayak; Sushri Sangita Nanda; Santosh K. Gupta; K. Sudarshan; S. Dash Insight into the spectroscopic behavior of Dy3+‐substituted and Li+ charge–compensated molybdate phosphors, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Volume 105 (2022) no. 12, p. 7384 | DOI:10.1111/jace.18673
Xiaoyun Li; Jian Chen; Zhuguang Liu; Zhonghua Deng; Qiufeng Huang; Jiquan Huang; Wang Guo (Ce, Gd):YAG-Al2O3 composite ceramics for high-brightness yellow light-emitting diode applications, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Volume 42 (2022) no. 3, p. 1121 | DOI:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.11.027
Control Strategy for Solar Energy-Saving Lamps for Optimized Energy Utilization and Sustainability of Operation Durability: Indonesia Case, Makara Journal of Technology, Volume 26 (2022) no. 1, p. 23 | DOI:10.7454/mst.v26i1.1474
Azhar Fakharuddin; Mahesh K. Gangishetty; Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi; Sang-Hyun Chin; Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff; Daniel N. Congreve; Wolfgang Tress; Felix Deschler; Maria Vasilopoulou; Henk J. Bolink Perovskite light-emitting diodes, Nature Electronics, Volume 5 (2022) no. 4, p. 203 | DOI:10.1038/s41928-022-00745-7
Léo Mallet-Dida; Pierre Disseix; François Réveret; François Médard; Blandine Alloing; Jesús Zúñiga-Pérez; Joël Leymarie The low temperature limit of the excitonic Mott density in GaN: an experimental reassessment, New Journal of Physics, Volume 24 (2022) no. 3, p. 033031 | DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/ac58b9
Evangelos-Nikolaos D. Madias; Lambros T. Doulos; Panagiotis A. Kontaxis; Frangiskos V. Topalis Multicriteria decision aid analysis for the optimum performance of an ambient light sensor: methodology and case study, Operational Research, Volume 22 (2022) no. 2, p. 1333 | DOI:10.1007/s12351-020-00575-5
Takuya Sawada; Hiroshi Fuji; Kenta Yagasaki; Kana Fujioka; Hisashi Minemoto; Kazuhisa Yamamoto Thermal properties of AlN–Ce:YAG composite ceramic phosphor for laser lighting, Optical Review, Volume 29 (2022) no. 3, p. 276 | DOI:10.1007/s10043-022-00737-0
Bega Karadza; Hannes Van Avermaet; Leila Mingabudinova; Zeger Hens; Youri Meuret Efficient, high-CRI white LEDs by combining traditional phosphors with cadmium-free InP/ZnSe red quantum dots, Photonics Research, Volume 10 (2022) no. 1, p. 155 | DOI:10.1364/prj.428843
Menghang Zhang; Tingxiang Yan; Wei Wang; Xuexiu Jia; Jin Wang; Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Energy-saving design and control strategy towards modern sustainable greenhouse: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 164 (2022), p. 112602 | DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112602
Bo Rang Park; Min Hee Chung An Analysis of the Energy-Saving Potential of Residential Buildings after the Introduction of Mandatory Zero-Energy Buildings to Achieve Carbon Neutrality in Korea, SSRN Electronic Journal (2022) | DOI:10.2139/ssrn.4168643
Ali Khatibi; Mohammad Hossein Jahangir; Fatemeh Razi Astaraei Energy and comfort evaluation of a novel hybrid control algorithm for smart electrochromic windows: A simulation study, Solar Energy, Volume 241 (2022), p. 671 | DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2022.06.045
Massimiliano Masullo; Federico Cioffi; Jian Li; Luigi Maffei; Michelangelo Scorpio; Tina Iachini; Gennaro Ruggiero; Antonio Malferà; Francesco Ruotolo An Investigation of the Influence of the Night Lighting in a Urban Park on Individuals’ Emotions, Sustainability, Volume 14 (2022) no. 14, p. 8556 | DOI:10.3390/su14148556
Horaţiu Albu; Dorin Beu; Calin Ciugudeanu Study on the Power Quality of LED Street Luminaires, Sustainability, Volume 14 (2022) no. 15, p. 9671 | DOI:10.3390/su14159671
Shounak Roy; Michael Krames Active Power Control of Retrofit LED Tube Lamps for Achieving Entitled Energy Savings in View of the EU Ban on Mercury, Sustainability, Volume 14 (2022) no. 16, p. 10062 | DOI:10.3390/su141610062
Nick Novelli; Justin S. Shultz; Mohamed Aly Etman; Kenton Phillips; Jason O. Vollen; Michael Jensen; Anna Dyson Towards Energy-Positive Buildings through a Quality-Matched Energy Flow Strategy, Sustainability, Volume 14 (2022) no. 7, p. 4275 | DOI:10.3390/su14074275
Carlos Velasquez; M. Angeles Castro; Francisco Rodriguez; Francisco Espin; Nathaly Falconi, 2021 IEEE Fifth Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM) (2021), p. 1 | DOI:10.1109/etcm53643.2021.9590764
Iva Rreza; Haoran Yang; Leslie Hamachi; Michael Campos; Trevor Hull; Joseph Treadway; Juanita Kurtin; Emory M. Chan; Jonathan S. Owen Performance of Spherical Quantum Well Down Converters in Solid State Lighting, ACS Applied Materials Interfaces, Volume 13 (2021) no. 10, p. 12191 | DOI:10.1021/acsami.0c15161
Chengbin Kang; Maksym F. Prodanov; Yiyang Gao; Kumar Mallem; Zhengnan Yuan; Valerii V. Vashchenko; Abhishek K. Srivastava Quantum‐Rod On‐Chip LEDs for Display Backlights with Efficacy of 149 lm W−1: A Step toward 200 lm W−1, Advanced Materials, Volume 33 (2021) no. 49 | DOI:10.1002/adma.202104685
Sameer Khandekar; Gopinath Sahu; K. Muralidhar; Elizaveta Ya Gatapova; Oleg A. Kabov; Run Hu; Xiaobing Luo; Liang Zhao Cooling of high-power LEDs by liquid sprays: Challenges and prospects, Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 184 (2021), p. 115640 | DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115640
Amir Tabadkani; Astrid Roetzel; Hong Xian Li; Aris Tsangrassoulis Design approaches and typologies of adaptive facades: A review, Automation in Construction, Volume 121 (2021), p. 103450 | DOI:10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103450
K. Delendik; N. Kolyago; O. Voitik Design and investigation of cooling system for high-power LED luminaire, Computers Mathematics with Applications, Volume 83 (2021), p. 84 | DOI:10.1016/j.camwa.2020.01.026
Qilin Hua; Bei Ma; Weiguo Hu Aluminum, Gallium, and Indium Nitrides, Encyclopedia of Materials: Technical Ceramics and Glasses (2021), p. 74 | DOI:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.12065-x
Aiman Albatayneh; Adel Juaidi; Ramez Abdallah; Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro Influence of the Advancement in the LED Lighting Technologies on the Optimum Windows-to-Wall Ratio of Jordanians Residential Buildings, Energies, Volume 14 (2021) no. 17, p. 5446 | DOI:10.3390/en14175446
Lodovica Valetti; Francesca Floris; Anna Pellegrino Renovation of Public Lighting Systems in Cultural Landscapes: Lighting and Energy Performance and Their Impact on Nightscapes, Energies, Volume 14 (2021) no. 2, p. 509 | DOI:10.3390/en14020509
Rona George Allwyn; Rashid Al Abri; Arif Malik; Amer Al-Hinai Economic Analysis of Replacing HPS Lamp with LED Lamp and Cost Estimation to Set Up PV/Battery System for Street Lighting in Oman, Energies, Volume 14 (2021) no. 22, p. 7697 | DOI:10.3390/en14227697
Didar Tukymbekov; Ahmet Saymbetov; Madiyar Nurgaliyev; Nurzhigit Kuttybay; Gulbakhar Dosymbetova; Yeldos Svanbayev Intelligent autonomous street lighting system based on weather forecast using LSTM, Energy, Volume 231 (2021), p. 120902 | DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120902
Sara Königs; Susanne Mayr; Axel Buchner LED-based light sources optimised for high colour rendition from an end users’ perspective, Ergonomics, Volume 64 (2021) no. 5, p. 671 | DOI:10.1080/00140139.2020.1858187
Yuxiao Yang; Zicheng Lu; Yiheng Liu; Chen Wang; Bing Yan; Yongqian Wang Synthesis of narrow-band red-emitting SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+ phosphor and the study of its influencing factors on luminescence performance, Functional Materials Letters, Volume 14 (2021) no. 06, p. 2151035 | DOI:10.1142/s1793604721510358
Kushal Madane; Andreas Peter Weiss; Stefan Schantl; Erich Leitgeb; Franz Peter Wenzl Machine Learning Assisted Visible Light Sensing of the Rotation of a Robotic Arm, IEEE Access, Volume 9 (2021), p. 130721 | DOI:10.1109/access.2021.3112297
Haotian Meng; Fanmin Kong; Kang Li General Analytical Method for Heat Dissipation of N-Layer High-Power LED Systems, IEEE Access, Volume 9 (2021), p. 158917 | DOI:10.1109/access.2021.3131151
Valentina J Alaasam; Meredith E Kernbach; Colleen R Miller; Stephen M Ferguson The Diversity of Photosensitivity and its Implications for Light Pollution, Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 61 (2021) no. 3, p. 1170 | DOI:10.1093/icb/icab156
Victor J. Ferreira; Sebastian Knoche; Jai Verma; Cristina Corchero Life cycle assessment of a modular LED luminaire and quantified environmental benefits of replaceable components, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 317 (2021), p. 128575 | DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128575
Yunping Huang; Theodore A. Cohen; Parker J. W. Sommerville; Christine K. Luscombe Green syntheses of stable and efficient organic dyes for organic hybrid light-emitting diodes, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Volume 9 (2021) no. 23, p. 7274 | DOI:10.1039/d1tc01567b
Melissa M. Rodríguez-García; Aleksandar Ciric; Zoran Ristic; J. A. Gareth Williams; Miroslav D. Dramićanin; Ivana Radosavljevic Evans Narrow-band red phosphors of high colour purity based on Eu3+-activated apatite-type Gd9.33(SiO4)6O2, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Volume 9 (2021) no. 23, p. 7474 | DOI:10.1039/d1tc01330k
Shuang Cui; Adewale Odukomaiya; Judith Vidal Materials research and development needs to enable efficient and electrified buildings, MRS Bulletin, Volume 46 (2021) no. 12, p. 1176 | DOI:10.1557/s43577-021-00241-x
宦鹤波 Research of Rare Earth Europium Ion Doped LED with Red Fluorescent Material, Material Sciences, Volume 11 (2021) no. 04, p. 471 | DOI:10.12677/ms.2021.114055
Anna Sobczak; Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska; Janina Gajc-Wolska; Waldemar Kowalczyk; Wojciech Borucki; Hazem M. Kalaji; Katarzyna Kowalczyk Photosynthetic Efficiency and Anatomical Structure of Pepper Leaf (Capsicum annuum L.) Transplants Grown under High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) and Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Supplementary Lighting Systems, Plants, Volume 10 (2021) no. 10, p. 1975 | DOI:10.3390/plants10101975
R. H. Tukshaitov; N. V. Rozhencova; A. R. Denisova Investigation of efficiency and quality of functioning of led lighting elements of electrical systems at the maximum permissible ambient temperature, Power engineering: research, equipment, technology, Volume 23 (2021) no. 4, p. 96 | DOI:10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-4-96-104
Eder Carlos Fernandes; Ederaldo Luíz Ratz; Joice Marin; Luiz Ariovaldo Fabri Junior; Marli de Freitas Gomes Hernandez; Rangel Arthur Analysis of Replacement of Luminaires in Public Lighting System, Proceedings of the 6th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym’20), Volume 233 (2021), p. 679 | DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-75680-2_75
Maksym F. Prodanov; Swadesh K. Gupta; Chengbin Kang; Maksym Y. Diakov; Valerii V. Vashchenko; Abhishek K. Srivastava Thermally Stable Quantum Rods, Covering Full Visible Range for Display and Lighting Application, Small, Volume 17 (2021) no. 3 | DOI:10.1002/smll.202004487
Rami David Orejon-Sanchez; Jose Ramon Andres-Diaz; Alfonso Gago-Calderon Autonomous Photovoltaic LED Urban Street Lighting: Technical, Economic, and Social Viability Analysis Based on a Case Study, Sustainability, Volume 13 (2021) no. 21, p. 11746 | DOI:10.3390/su132111746
Antonio Ocana-Miguel; Jose R. Andres-Diaz; Enrique Navarrete-de Galvez; Alfonso Gago-Calderon Adaptation of an Insulated Centralized Photovoltaic Outdoor Lighting Installation with Electronic Control System to Improve Service Guarantee in Tropical Latitudes, Sustainability, Volume 13 (2021) no. 4, p. 1925 | DOI:10.3390/su13041925
Fulong Jiang; Byung-Ryool Hyun; Yi Zhang; Zhaojun Liu Role of Intrinsic Surface States in Efficiency Attenuation of GaN‐Based Micro‐Light‐Emitting‐Diodes, physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, Volume 15 (2021) no. 2 | DOI:10.1002/pssr.202000487
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Luuk Graamans; Martin Tenpierik; Andy van den Dobbelsteen; Cecilia Stanghellini Plant factories: Reducing energy demand at high internal heat loads through façade design, Applied Energy, Volume 262 (2020), p. 114544 | DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114544
David Katzin; Simon van Mourik; Frank Kempkes; Eldert J. van Henten GreenLight – An open source model for greenhouses with supplemental lighting: Evaluation of heat requirements under LED and HPS lamps, Biosystems Engineering, Volume 194 (2020), p. 61 | DOI:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.010
Huanyu Zhao; Zhi Li; Mengwen Zhang; Jinsheng Li; Minbo Wu; Xiaodong Li; Jialin Chen; Ming Xie; Junpeng Li; Xudong Sun High-performance Al2O3‒YAG:Ce composite ceramic phosphors for miniaturization of high-brightness white light-emitting diodes, Ceramics International, Volume 46 (2020) no. 1, p. 653 | DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.017
Airton G. Bispo; Sergio A. M. Lima; Luís D. Carlos; Rute A. S. Ferreira; Ana M. Pires Red-Emitting Coatings for Multifunctional UV/Red Emitting LEDs Applied in Plant Circadian Rhythm Control, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, Volume 9 (2020) no. 1, p. 016008 | DOI:10.1149/2.0122001jss
Matthew Kuperus Heun; Zeke Marshall; Emmanuel Aramendia; Paul E. Brockway The Energy and Exergy of Light with Application to Societal Exergy Analysis, Energies, Volume 13 (2020) no. 20, p. 5489 | DOI:10.3390/en13205489
Ying Zhang; M. Kacira Comparison of energy use efficiency of greenhouse and indoor plant factory system, European Journal of Horticultural Science, Volume 85 (2020) no. 5, p. 310 | DOI:10.17660/ejhs.2020/85.5.2
N. Kelly; E.S. Runkle Spectral manipulations to elicit desired quality attributes of herbaceous specialty crops, European Journal of Horticultural Science, Volume 85 (2020) no. 5, p. 339 | DOI:10.17660/ejhs.2020/85.5.5
Akvilė Viršilė; Aušra Brazaitytė; Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė; Jurga Miliauskienė; Julė Jankauskienė; Algirdas Novičkovas; Kristina Laužikė; Giedrė Samuolienė The distinct impact of multi-color LED light on nitrate, amino acid, soluble sugar and organic acid contents in red and green leaf lettuce cultivated in controlled environment, Food Chemistry, Volume 310 (2020), p. 125799 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125799
Xin Zhu; Guangxu Wang; Xin Luo; Jianli Zhang; Junlin Liu; Xing Guo Angular Color Uniformity Enhancement for Color-Mixed LEDs by Introducing a Diffusing Coating Layer, IEEE Photonics Journal, Volume 12 (2020) no. 4, p. 1 | DOI:10.1109/jphot.2020.3010344
Airton G. Bispo-Jr; Sergio A.M. Lima; Luís D. Carlos; Rute A.S. Ferreira; Ana M. Pires Phosphor-based green-emitting coatings for circadian lighting, Journal of Luminescence, Volume 224 (2020), p. 117298 | DOI:10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117298
Qiaoli Liu; Yajie Feng; Huijun Tian; Xiaoying He; Anqi Hu; Xia Guo Fabrication of flexible AlGaInP LED, Journal of Semiconductors, Volume 41 (2020) no. 3, p. 032302 | DOI:10.1088/1674-4926/41/3/032302
S Sakar; A Bagheri; S Rönnberg; MHJ Bollen Susceptibility of LED street lamps to voltage dips, Lighting Research Technology, Volume 52 (2020) no. 8, p. 1040 | DOI:10.1177/1477153520917441
Claude Leiner; Wolfgang Nemitz; Susanne Schweitzer; Franz P. Wenzl; Christian Sommer Design procedure for ultra-thin free-form micro-optical elements allowing for large DHR values and uniform irradiance distributions of ultrathin direct-lit luminaires, OSA Continuum, Volume 3 (2020) no. 11, p. 3237 | DOI:10.1364/osac.404268
Berta García-Fernández; Ángel García-Botella; Daniel Vázquez-Moliní; Antonio Á. Fernández-Balbuena Efficient and sustainable energy lighting solutions for human life: a review, Optical Engineering, Volume 59 (2020) no. 03, p. 1 | DOI:10.1117/1.oe.59.3.030901
Fukang Sun; Jianxia Xie; Qiansheng Fang; Xinxin Zhuo Recognition algorithm for light intensity variation of LED lamps using neural network with statistics characteristics, Optik, Volume 200 (2020), p. 163362 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163362
Fukang Sun; Qiansheng Fang; Jianxia Xie; Bailing Chen; Yuhang Shang; Jin Wan; Pengfei Song; Jiuming Fang Time and frequency domains characteristics comparative analysis for light output waveform of fault-free and faulty LED lamps, Optik, Volume 223 (2020), p. 165540 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165540
David Shelhammer; X.A. Cao; Neng Liu; H.J. Wang; Y.M. Zhou Doping effects and stability of calcium in organic electron-transport materials, Organic Electronics, Volume 84 (2020), p. 105799 | DOI:10.1016/j.orgel.2020.105799
S. P. Sernov; D. V. Balokhonov; T. V. Kolontaeva; A. V. Isaev Vehicle Adaptive Rear Combination Light with Non-Replaceable Light Sources, Science Technique, Volume 19 (2020) no. 4, p. 329 | DOI:10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-4-329-338
Ivan Paucek; Elisa Appolloni; Giuseppina Pennisi; Stefania Quaini; Giorgio Gianquinto; Francesco Orsini LED Lighting Systems for Horticulture: Business Growth and Global Distribution, Sustainability, Volume 12 (2020) no. 18, p. 7516 | DOI:10.3390/su12187516
Rami David Orejón-Sánchez; Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez; Alfonso Gago-Calderón LED Lighting Installations in Professional Stadiums: Energy Efficiency, Visual Comfort, and Requirements of 4K TV Broadcast, Sustainability, Volume 12 (2020) no. 18, p. 7684 | DOI:10.3390/su12187684
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Atul Kumar Dubey; Mayank Gupta; Virendra Kumar; Dalip Singh Mehta Laser-line-driven phosphor-converted extended white light source with uniform illumination, Applied Optics, Volume 58 (2019) no. 9, p. 2402 | DOI:10.1364/ao.58.002402
K. Delendik; N. Kolyago; O. Voitik, CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST), Volume 2133 (2019), p. 030020 | DOI:10.1063/1.5114004
Ziqian He; Caicai Zhang; Yajie Dong; Shin-Tson Wu Emerging Perovskite Nanocrystals-Enhanced Solid-State Lighting and Liquid-Crystal Displays, Crystals, Volume 9 (2019) no. 2, p. 59 | DOI:10.3390/cryst9020059
Sven H. Zottnick; Jens R. Sorg; Klaus Müller‐Buschbaum; Claude Fouassier Luminescence, Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry (2019), p. 1 | DOI:10.1002/9781119951438.eibc0114.pub2
Antonio Bracale; Pierluigi Caramia; Pietro Varilone; Paola Verde Probabilistic Estimation of the Energy Consumption and Performance of the Lighting Systems of Road Tunnels for Investment Decision Making, Energies, Volume 12 (2019) no. 8, p. 1488 | DOI:10.3390/en12081488
M. Beccali; M. Bonomolo; V. Lo Brano; G. Ciulla; V. Di Dio; F. Massaro; S. Favuzza Energy saving and user satisfaction for a new advanced public lighting system, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 195 (2019), p. 943 | DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.05.070
Matthew Hartensveld; Jing Zhang Monolithic Integration of GaN Nanowire Light-Emitting Diode With Field Effect Transistor, IEEE Electron Device Letters, Volume 40 (2019) no. 3, p. 427 | DOI:10.1109/led.2019.2895846
Yung-Tang Nien; Yi-Chen Chen; I-Chi Chiu Microstructure, phase transformation and photoluminescence of YAG:Ce ceramics by CO2 laser sintering, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Volume 797 (2019), p. 110 | DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.089
Tomasz K. Pietrzak; Agata Gołębiewska; Jakub Płachta; Michał Jarczewski; Jacek Ryl; Marek Wasiucionek; Jerzy E. Garbarczyk Photoluminescence of partially reduced Eu2+/Eu3+ active centers in a NaF–Al2O3–P2O5 glassy matrix with tunable smooth spectra, Journal of Luminescence, Volume 208 (2019), p. 322 | DOI:10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.12.060
Atul Kumar Dubey; Mayank Gupta; Virendra Kumar; Veena Singh; Dalip Singh Mehta Blue laser diode-pumped Ce:YAG phosphor-coated cylindrical rod-based extended white light source with uniform illumination, Laser Physics, Volume 29 (2019) no. 5, p. 056203 | DOI:10.1088/1555-6611/ab05c0
C.M.B. Leite Silva; A.G. Bispo-Jr; S.A.M. Lima; A.M. Pires Eu3+ complex/polymer films for light-emitting diode applications, Optical Materials, Volume 96 (2019), p. 109323 | DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2019.109323
C. Ducros; A. Brodu; G. Lorin; F. Emieux; A. Pereira Optical performances of antireflective moth-eye structures. Comparison with standard vacuum antireflection coatings for application to outdoor lighting LEDs, Surface and Coatings Technology, Volume 379 (2019), p. 125044 | DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125044
Ich Long Ngo; Hosung Jang; Chan Byon; Byeong Jun Lee Experimental study on thermal performance of SMD-LED chips under the effects of electric wire pattern and LED arrangement, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 127 (2018), p. 746 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.08.089
Wojciech Grzesiak; Piotr Guzdek; Piotr Maćków; Krzysztof Zaraska; Michal Zbieć; Mariusz Jakubowski; Dariusz Obrębski; Piotr Boguszewicz; Dariusz Solnica; Pawel Iwanicki; Sebastian Linke; Adrian Mahlkow Smart LED high CRI lighting systems, Microelectronics International, Volume 35 (2018) no. 3, p. 181 | DOI:10.1108/mi-03-2018-0014

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