Comptes Rendus
no. 3
LEDs: the new revolution in lighting / Les LED : la nouvelle révolution de l'éclairage
LED advances accelerate universal access to electric lighting
[Les avancées dans le domaine des LED accélèrent l'accès universel à l'éclairage électrique]
Peter Alstone1  ; Arne Jacobson1
1 Schatz Energy Research Center, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA
Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 19 (2018) no. 3, pp. 146-158.

L'accroissement rapide des performances et de la qualité des sources LED de lumière blanche a changé la dynamique de l'accès à l'électricité au cours des dix dernières années, permettant à des dizaines de millions de gens qui, auparavant, n'avaient pas d'alternatives viables à l'éclairage au pétrole, qui est dangereux et cher, de bénéficier de l'éclairage électrique. L'élimination de l'éclairage au pétrole est un enjeu clé de santé publique, de sécurité, d'égalité sociale, et une opportunité environnementale qui est à présent à notre portée. Les avancées technologiques dans le domaine des LED ainsi que d'autres appareils domestiques extrêmement efficaces, la génération photovoltaïque solaire, les batteries de nouvelle génération et les systèmes coordonnant l'information se sont associés pour étendre significativement la portée des systèmes électriques hors réseau. Avec soutien et effort, il est plausible que de petits systèmes « pico-solaires » et « maison solaire » puissent alimenter un milliard de personnes en l'espace d'une génération, procurant des services de base, mais de grande utilité. Un progrès continu peut être atteint si l'on porte attention à poursuivre les améliorations technologiques, qui soutiendront un nombre croissant de nouvelles activités et entreprises sur les marchés de l'accès à l'énergie, en synergie avec les efforts de développement humain autour de l'accès à l'eau propre, l'accès aux ressources financières et l'accès équitable aux ressources.

A rapid increase in the performance and quality of white LED light sources has changed the dynamics of electricity access in the last 10 years, reaching tens of millions of people with electric light who previously had no viable alternatives to fuel-based lighting, which is dangerous and expensive. Eliminating fuel-based lighting is a key public health, safety, social equality, and environmental opportunity that is now achievable. Technology advances in LEDs, other super-efficient appliances, solar photovoltaic generation, advanced batteries, and coordinating information technology systems have combined to significantly expand the reach of off-grid energy systems. With support and effort, it is plausible that small “pico-solar” and “solar home” systems could serve over a billion people within a generation, providing basic but highly valued services. Continued progress can be achieved with attention to continued improvements in technology, supporting a growing range of new businesses and enterprises in energy access markets, and synergy with broader human development effort around access to clean water, financial inclusion, and fair access to resources.

Publié le :
DOI : 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.015
Keywords: Light emitting diodes, Solid state lighting, Energy efficiency, Developing world, Solar lighting
Mot clés : Diodes émettrices de lumière, Éclairage à l'état solide, Efficacité énergétique, Pays en voie de développement, Éclairage solaire
Peter Alstone 1 ; Arne Jacobson 1

1 Schatz Energy Research Center, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA 
@article{CRPHYS_2018__19_3_146_0,
     author = {Peter Alstone and Arne Jacobson},
     title = {LED advances accelerate universal access to electric lighting},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
     pages = {146--158},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     volume = {19},
     number = {3},
     year = {2018},
     doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.015},
     language = {en},
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peter Alstone
AU  - Arne Jacobson
TI  - LED advances accelerate universal access to electric lighting
JO  - Comptes Rendus. Physique
PY  - 2018
SP  - 146
EP  - 158
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
PB  - Elsevier
DO  - 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.015
LA  - en
ID  - CRPHYS_2018__19_3_146_0
ER  - 
%0 Journal Article
%A Peter Alstone
%A Arne Jacobson
%T LED advances accelerate universal access to electric lighting
%J Comptes Rendus. Physique
%D 2018
%P 146-158
%V 19
%N 3
%I Elsevier
%R 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.015
%G en
%F CRPHYS_2018__19_3_146_0
Peter Alstone; Arne Jacobson. LED advances accelerate universal access to electric lighting. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 19 (2018) no. 3, pp. 146-158. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.015. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2017.10.015/

[1] IEA World Energy Outlook 2016, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development & International Energy Agency, 2016

[2] AGECC Energy for a Sustainable Future: Report and Recommendations, UN Secretary-General's Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change, 2010

[3] P. Alstone; D. Gershenson; D.M. Kammen Decentralized energy systems for clean electricity access, Nat. Clim. Change, Volume 5 (2015), pp. 305-314

[4] SE4ALL Global Tracking Framework, Sustainable Energy for All, 2013

[5] E. Mills Health Impacts of Fuel-Based Lighting, 2012 (Lumina Project)

[6] E. Mills Light for Life: Identifying and Reducing the Health and Safety Impacts of Fuel-Based Lighting, 2015 (United Nations Environment Program)

[7] N.L. Lam; K.R. Smith; A. Gauthier; M.N. Bates Kerosene: a review of household uses and their hazards in low- and middle-income countries, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part B, Volume 15 (2012), pp. 396-432

[8] A.J. Cohen et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015, Lancet, Volume 389 (2017), pp. 1907-1918

[9] E. Mills The specter of fuel-based lighting, Science, Volume 308 (2005), pp. 1263-1264

[10] N.L. Lam et al. Household light makes global heat: high black carbon emissions from kerosene wick lamps, Environ. Sci. Technol., Volume 46 (2012), pp. 13531-13538

[11] T.C. Bond et al. Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: a scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res., Atmos., Volume 118 (2013), pp. 5380-5552

[12] A. Jacobson; N.L. Lam; T.C. Bond Black Carbon and Kerosene Lighting: An Opportunity for Rapid Action on Climate Change and Clean Energy for Development, The Brookings Institution, 2014 http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/04/climate-change-clean-energy-development-hultman (Available at:, Accessed 2014-9-27)

[13] J. Koomey et al. Defining a standard metric for electricity savings, Environ. Res. Lett., Volume 5 (2010)

[14] R. Bacon; S. Bhattacharya; M. Kojima Expenditure of low-income households on energy, Extr. Ind. Dev. Ser., Volume 16 (2010)

[15] E. Mills Technical and Economic Performance Analysis of Kerosene Lamps and Alternative Approaches to Illumination in Developing Countries, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2003

[16] P. Alstone; A. Jacobson; E. Mills Illumination Sufficiency Survey Techniques: In-situ Measurements of Lighting System Performance and a User Preference Survey for Illuminance in an Off-Grid, African Setting, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2010 (Lumina Project)

[17] P. Johnstone; A. Jacobson; E. Mills; M. Mumbi Self-Reported Impacts of LED Lighting Technology Compared to Fuel-Based Lighting on Night Market Business Prosperity in Kenya, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2009 (Lumina Project)

[18] E. Mills; A. Jacobson The Off-Grid Lighting Market in Western Kenya: LED Alternatives and Consumer Preferences in a Millennium Development Village, 2007 (Lumina Project)

[19] P. Alstone; P. Lai; E. Mills; A. Jacobson High life cycle efficacy explains fast energy payback for improved off-grid lighting systems, J. Ind. Ecol., Volume 18 (2014), pp. 722-733

[20] K. Radecsky; P. Johnstone; A. Jacobson; E. Mills Solid-State Lighting on a Shoestring Budget: The Economics of Off-Grid Lighting for Small Businesses in Kenya, 2008 (Lumina Project)

[21] I. Orlandi; N. Tyabji; J. Chase Off-Grid Solar Market Trends Report, Bloomberg New Energy Finance/Lighting Global, 2016

[22] B. McKibben The Race to Solar-Power Africa, 2017 (The New Yorker)

[23] International Telecommunications Union ICT Facts and Figures 2017, 2017

[24] J.C. Aker; I.M. Mbiti Mobile phones and economic development in Africa, J. Econ. Perspect., Volume 24 (2010), pp. 207-232

[25] N. Turman-Bryant; P. Alstone; D. Gershenson; D. Kammen; A. Jacobson The Rise of Solar, 2015 (Lighting Global)

[26] P. Alstone; D. Gershenson; N. Turman-Bryant; D. Kammen; A. Jacobson Off-Grid Power Systems and Connectivity, 2015 (Lighting Global)

[27] P. Johnstone; J. Tracy; A. Jacobson Market Presence of Off-Grid Lighting Products in the Kenyan Towns of Kericho, Brooke, and Talek, 2009 (Lighting Africa)

[28] M. Harper; P. Alstone; A. Jacobson A growing and evolving market for off-grid lighting, Light. Afr., Volume 1 (2013) https://www.lightingglobal.org/news/type/market-analysis-reports/

[29] A. Gopal; G. Leventis; A. Phadke; S. de la Rue du Can Trading appliance efficiency for electricity subsidies: the potential in emerging economies, Proceedings of ECEEE 2013 Summer Study, 2013

[30] N. Shah; N. Sathaye; A. Phadke; V. Letschert Costs and benefits of energy efficiency improvement in ceiling fans, Proceedings of 2013 International Conference for Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting, 2013

[31] W.Y. Park; A. Phadke; N. Shah; V. Letschert TV Energy Consumption Trends and Energy-Efficiency Improvement Options, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2011

[32] J.G. Koomey; S. Berard; M. Sanchez; H. Wong Implications of historical trends in the electrical efficiency of computing, IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput., Volume 33 (2011), pp. 46-54

[33] M. Liebreich Bloomberg New Energy Finance Summit Keynote, 2017

[34] A.A. Phadke et al. Powering a Home with Just 25 Watts of Solar PV: Super-Efficient Appliances Can Enable Expanded Off-Grid Energy Service Using Small Solar Power Systems, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2015

[35] N. Turman-Bryant; P. Alstone; D. Gershenson; D. Kammen; A. Jacobson Quality Communication, 2015 (Lighting Global)

[36] United Nations Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 2015

[37] E. Mills; J.L. Tracy; P. Alstone; A. Jacobson; P. Avato Low-cost LED flashlights and market spoiling in Kenya's off-grid lighting market, Energy Effic. (2014), pp. 1-15 | DOI

[38] E. Mills; A. Jacobson The need for independent quality and performance testing for emerging off-grid white-led illumination systems for developing countries, Light Eng., Volume 16 (2007), pp. 5-24

[39] T. Mink; P. Alstone; J. Tracy; A. Jacobson LED Flashlights in the Kenyan Market: Quality Problems Confirmed by Laboratory Testing, 2010 (Lighting Africa)

Cité par Sources :

Commentaires - Politique

Ces articles pourraient vous intéresser

LED lighting, ultra-low-power lighting schemes for new lighting applications

Marc Fontoynont

C. R. Phys (2018)

LEDs for lighting: Basic physics and prospects for energy savings

Bruno Gayral

C. R. Phys (2017)