[Conception GPR pour drone : propagation]
Dans cet article, nous allons aborder les problèmes de propagation d'onde électromagnétique qui permettra de déterminer la faisabilité d'un capteur radar à pénétration de sol, embarqué sur un drone, destiné aux applications humanitaires, notamment dans le cadre des catastrophes. L'étude de la fréquence, de la polarisation, de la diffusion, de l'atténuation et de la dispersion des signaux radar pénétrant sous la surface permettra de déterminer l'applicabilité d'un capteur sur drone. La fonctionnalité du radar est donc évaluée en fonction de paramètres clés, qui incluent la fréquence radar, la profondeur de modulation et le mode de fonctionnement des radars (pulsé FM, FM-CW), le type d'antenne, en fonction du budget puissance disponible.
Dans l'analyse présentée, l'équation radar, ainsi que les effets de propagation susmentionnés, serviront à simuler la puissance du signal des échos radar sous différentes conditions découlant des paramètres clés choisis et les propriétés physiques du milieu sous la surface. L'étude a pour objectif de démontrer si le système est réalisable et s'il peut être construit avec les technologies disponibles aujourd'hui.
En raison du contexte très contraignant des applications pour la protection du public et secours en cas de catastrophe, les idées ici développées ont un caractère tout à la fois prospectif et exploratoire, l'objectif étant d'examiner si, dans un avenir proche, une solution se dessinerait.
In this paper, we shall address the electromagnetic wave propagation issues that are critical to determining the feasibility of a drone-borne ground-penetrating radar sensor for humanitarian applications, particularly in the context of disaster management. Frequency- and polarization-dependent scattering, attenuation and dispersion of radar signals penetrating into the sub-surface region will determine the applicability of a drone-mounted radar sensor capable of registering radar echoes for observing and monitoring sub-surface features. The functionality of the radar will thus be assessed depending on key radar parameters that include the central radar frequency, the modulation depth, and the mode of radar operation (pulsed FM, FM-CW), the antenna type, the available power-budget.
In the analysis to be presented, the radar equation, together with the aforementioned propagation effects, will be used to simulate the signal strength of radar echoes under different conditions arising from the chosen key-radar parameters and the assumed physical properties of the sub-surface earth medium. The analysis to be presented will indicate whether or not the drone-borne ground-penetrating radar is a feasible system and if it could be constructed with the technologies available today.
Taking into account the strict constraints involved to design drone applications for Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR), the ideas developed hereafter are both prospective and exploratory. The objective is to see if a solution can be found in the near future.
Mots-clés : Évaluation du risque, Télédétection, Radar à pénétration de sol, Propagation
Madhu Chandra 1 ; Tullio Joseph Tanzi 2
@article{CRPHYS_2018__19_1-2_72_0,
author = {Madhu Chandra and Tullio Joseph Tanzi},
title = {Drone-borne {GPR} design: {Propagation} issues},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {72--84},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {19},
number = {1-2},
year = {2018},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2018.01.002},
language = {en},
}
Madhu Chandra; Tullio Joseph Tanzi. Drone-borne GPR design: Propagation issues. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Radio science for Humanity / Radiosciences au service de l’humanité Journées scientifiques URSI-France 2017 – SophiaTech, Sophia Antipolis, France, 1–3 February 2017 / 1er–3 mars 2017, Volume 19 (2018) no. 1-2, pp. 72-84. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2018.01.002. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2018.01.002/
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