[Simulation quantique du modèle de Hubbard avec des fermions ultrafroids dans des réseaux optiques]
Les gaz atomiques ultrafroids offrent une excellente plateforme pour réaliser des simulateurs quantiques et étudier une grande diversité de modèles introduits initialement en physique de la matière condensée ou d'autres domaines. L'une des applications les plus prometteuses de la simulation quantique est l'étude des gaz de Fermi fortement corrélés, pour lesquels des résultats théoriques exacts ne sont pas toujours disponibles. Nous présentons ici une revue des progrès réalisés récemment sur la simulation quantique de l'emblématique modèle de Fermi–Hubbard avec des atomes ultrafroids. Après avoir présenté le modèle de Fermi–Hubbard dans le contexte de la matière condensée, sa réalisation avec des atomes ultrafroids et son diagramme de phase, nous présentons les réalisations expérimentales les plus marquantes, de l'observation initiale de l'apparition de la dégénérescence quantique et de la superfluidité fermioniques à la mise en évidence du régime de l'isolant de Mott et de l'émergence d'un ordre anti-ferromagnétique à longue portée. Nous concluons par une discussion des défis futurs, dont la possibilité d'observer la supraconductivité à haute température, les propriétés de transport et la compétition de fortes corrélations et du désordre ou de la topologie.
Ultracold atomic gases provide a fantastic platform to implement quantum simulators and investigate a variety of models initially introduced in condensed matter physics or other areas. One of the most promising applications of quantum simulation is the study of strongly correlated Fermi gases, for which exact theoretical results are not always possible with state-of-the-art approaches. Here, we review recent progress of the quantum simulation of the emblematic Fermi–Hubbard model with ultracold atoms. After introducing the Fermi–Hubbard model in the context of condensed matter, its implementation in ultracold atom systems, and its phase diagram, we review landmark experimental achievements, from the early observation of the onset of quantum degeneracy and superfluidity to the demonstration of the Mott insulator regime and the emergence of long-range anti-ferromagnetic order. We conclude by discussing future challenges, including the possible observation of high- superconductivity, transport properties, and the interplay of strong correlations and disorder or topology.
Mot clés : Gaz de Fermi, Réseaux optiques, Transition de Mott, Magnétisme quantique
@article{CRPHYS_2018__19_6_365_0,
author = {Leticia Tarruell and Laurent Sanchez-Palencia},
title = {Quantum simulation of the {Hubbard} model with ultracold fermions in optical lattices},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
pages = {365--393},
publisher = {Elsevier},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
year = {2018},
doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2018.10.013},
language = {en},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Leticia Tarruell AU - Laurent Sanchez-Palencia TI - Quantum simulation of the Hubbard model with ultracold fermions in optical lattices JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2018 SP - 365 EP - 393 VL - 19 IS - 6 PB - Elsevier DO - 10.1016/j.crhy.2018.10.013 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2018__19_6_365_0 ER -
Leticia Tarruell; Laurent Sanchez-Palencia. Quantum simulation of the Hubbard model with ultracold fermions in optical lattices. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 19 (2018) no. 6, pp. 365-393. doi : 10.1016/j.crhy.2018.10.013. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.1016/j.crhy.2018.10.013/
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