Fluid inclusions in minerals: from geosciences to the physics of water and back

Frédéric Caupin

doi:10.5802/crphys.127

Fluid inclusions in minerals: from geosciences to the physics of water and back
[Inclusions fluides dans les minéraux : un aller-retour entre géosciences et physique de l’eau]

Frédéric Caupin ¹

¹ Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut universitaire de France, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France

Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 23 (2022) no. S2, pp. 71-87.

Résumé
Abstract

Les échantillons de minéraux naturels contiennent souvent de petits volumes de matière fluide piégée. Ils transmettent des informations sur l’histoire du minéral hôte et de son environnement, ce qui leur vaut d’être utilisés par les géologues. Les physiciens et physico-chimistes ont réussi à exploiter les inclusions d’eau dans le quartz pour porter l’eau liquide dans un état métastable, à une pression bien inférieure à sa pression d’équilibre avec la vapeur. La pression peut atteindre des valeurs négatives aussi élevées que $- 140$ MPa, ce qui dépasse de loin les limites des autres techniques et s’approche du seuil théorique de nucléation spontanée d’une bulle de vapeur. Cela a permis de mieux comprendre la nucléation et les anomalies de l’eau. À leur tour, les techniques optiques développées pour étudier les propriétés de l’eau ont récemment trouvé une nouvelle application dans la reconstruction des paléotempératures des processus de surface. Je passe ici en revue quelques aspects des inclusions fluides, objets fascinants au carrefour des disciplines.

Natural mineral samples often contain small volumes of trapped fluid material. They carry information about the history of the host mineral and its environment, and for this reason are used by geoscientists. Physicists and physico-chemists have successfully harnessed water inclusions in quartz to bring liquid water to a metastable state, at a pressure well below its equilibrium pressure with vapor. The pressure can reach negative values as large as $- 140$ MPa, which exceeds by far the limits of other techniques, and approaches the theoretical threshold for spontaneous nucleation of a vapor bubble. This has enabled a deeper understanding of nucleation and of the anomalies of water. In turn, the optical techniques developed to study water’s properties have recently found a new application in the reconstruction of palaeotemperatures in surface processes. I review here some aspects of fluid inclusions, these fascinating objects at the crossroads between disciplines.

Reçu le : 2022-05-19
Révisé le : 2022-09-18
Accepté le : 2022-10-07
Première publication : 2022-12-19
Publié le : 2023-06-19

DOI : 10.5802/crphys.127

Keywords: Water, Metastability, Nucleation, Thermodynamic anomalies, Palaeotemperatures, Interdisciplinarity
Mot clés : Eau, Métastabilité, Nucléation, Anomalies thermodynamiques, Paléotempératures, Interdisciplinarité

Affiliations des auteurs :

Frédéric Caupin ¹

¹ Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut universitaire de France, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France

Licence :

CC-BY 4.0

Droits d'auteur : Les auteurs conservent leurs droits

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     pages = {71--87},
     publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
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Frédéric Caupin. Fluid inclusions in minerals: from geosciences to the physics of water and back. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 23 (2022) no. S2, pp. 71-87. doi : 10.5802/crphys.127. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.127/

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