[La différenciation des planètes telluriques vue par la mécanique des fluides]
La structure des planètes terrestres — un noyau métallique riche en fer entouré d’un manteau silicaté — a été établie pendant leur accrétion, lorsque la fusion généralisée a permis la séparation des phases métalliques et silicatées. Le transfert d’éléments chimiques et de chaleur entre métal et silicates qui s’est produit pendant cette période est déterminant pour la composition et la température initiale du noyau et du manteau, et a des implications importantes pour l’évolution et la dynamique à long terme des planètes. Après avoir résumé les principales contraintes observationnelles sur la différenciation noyau-manteau, l’article suit la séquence des processus qui ont conduit à la formation des noyaux planétaires, en se concentrant sur les contributions de l’approche de dynamique des fluides expérimentale à notre compréhension de ces processus, et en discutant de la pertinence et des limites de cette approche. Nous nous concentrons d’abord sur la dynamique des impacts planétaires, en utilisant des expériences de laboratoire pour illustrer et quantifier les processus d’impact et de cratérisation, et la dispersion de la phase métallique qui en résulte. Nous examinons ensuite l’écoulement diphasique qui suit un impact, lorsque le noyau d’un impacteur chute dans un océan de magma. Nous introduisons le modèle de thermique turbulent, qui constitue selon nous un bon modèle de référence pour l’écoulement post-impact. Nous discutons ensuite des facteurs additionnels — immiscibilité et fragmentation, inertie héritée de l’impact, force de Coriolis, sédimentation — pouvant affecter les prédictions de ce modèle. Enfin, la dernière partie de l’article est consacrée à la migration de la phase métallique à travers une partie solide du manteau.
The basic structure of the terrestrial planets—an iron-rich metallic core surrounded by a silicate mantle—was established during their accretion, when widespread melting allowed the metal and silicate phases to separate. The transfer of chemical elements and heat between the metal and silicate that occurred during this period is critical for the composition and initial temperature of the core and mantle, and has important implications for the long-term evolution and dynamics of the planets. After having summarised the main observational constraints on core-mantle differentiation, the article follows the sequence of processes that led to the formation of planetary cores, focusing on the contributions of laboratory fluid dynamics experiments to our understanding of these processes, and discussing the relevance and limitations of this approach to this problem. We first focus on the dynamics of planetary impacts, using laboratory experiments to illustrate and quantify the impact and cratering processes and the resulting metal phase dispersion. We then consider the two-phase flow that follows an impact, when a molten impactor core falls by buoyancy in a magma ocean. The model of miscible turbulent thermal, which we argue is a good reference model for the post-impact flow, is presented. We then discuss how additional factors—immiscibility and fragmentation, inertia inherited from the impact, Coriolis force, sedimentation—affect the predictions of this model, and discuss the extent of chemical equilibration. Finally, a last part of the article is devoted to the migration of the metal phase through a solid part of the mantle.
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Mots-clés : Terre primitive, formation du noyau, dynamique des fluides expérimentale
Renaud Deguen 1 ; Ludovic Huguet 1 ; Maylis Landeau 2 ; Victor Lherm 3 ; Augustin Maller 2 ; Jean-Baptiste Wacheul 4
CC-BY 4.0
@article{CRPHYS_2024__25_S3_A22_0,
author = {Renaud Deguen and Ludovic Huguet and Maylis Landeau and Victor Lherm and Augustin Maller and Jean-Baptiste Wacheul},
title = {Fluid dynamics of planetary differentiation},
journal = {Comptes Rendus. Physique},
publisher = {Acad\'emie des sciences, Paris},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.5802/crphys.227},
language = {en},
note = {Online first},
}
TY - JOUR AU - Renaud Deguen AU - Ludovic Huguet AU - Maylis Landeau AU - Victor Lherm AU - Augustin Maller AU - Jean-Baptiste Wacheul TI - Fluid dynamics of planetary differentiation JO - Comptes Rendus. Physique PY - 2024 PB - Académie des sciences, Paris N1 - Online first DO - 10.5802/crphys.227 LA - en ID - CRPHYS_2024__25_S3_A22_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Renaud Deguen %A Ludovic Huguet %A Maylis Landeau %A Victor Lherm %A Augustin Maller %A Jean-Baptiste Wacheul %T Fluid dynamics of planetary differentiation %J Comptes Rendus. Physique %D 2024 %I Académie des sciences, Paris %Z Online first %R 10.5802/crphys.227 %G en %F CRPHYS_2024__25_S3_A22_0
Renaud Deguen; Ludovic Huguet; Maylis Landeau; Victor Lherm; Augustin Maller; Jean-Baptiste Wacheul. Fluid dynamics of planetary differentiation. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Online first (2024), pp. 1-45. doi : 10.5802/crphys.227.
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