Comptes Rendus
no. S3
Fluctuations in crystalline plasticity
[Fluctuations plastiques dans les matériaux cristallins]
Jérôme Weiss1  ; Peng Zhang2 ; Oğuz Umut Salman3 ; Gang Liu2 ; Lev Truskinovsky4
1 ISTerre, CNRS/Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
2 State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
3 CNRS, LSPM UPR3407, Sorbonne Université Paris Nord, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
4 PMMH, CNRS UMR 7636, ESPCI ParsiTech, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 22 (2021) no. S3, pp. 163-199.

Malgré une étude précurseur de Becker et Orowan en 1932 sur le Zinc, l’analyse des fluctuations dans la dynamique de la déformation plastique des matériaux cristallins a été pendant longtemps négligée, probablement du fait que dans la plupart des matériaux métalliques d’intérêt industriel ces fluctuations sont indétectables en termes de comportement mécanique aux échelles macroscopiques. La situation a changé drastiquement il y a une vingtaine d’années lorsque, d’une part, l’enregistrement des signatures acoustiques des avalanches de dislocations dans certains matériaux hexagonaux a montré que ces dernières pouvaient être distribuées en loi de puissance, suggérant une dynamique critique, et d’autre part il a été observé que la plasticité des systèmes de taille micro- et nano-métrique devenait intermittente pour la plupart des matériaux non-alliés. Dans cet article, nous discutons, sur la base de récents travaux et dans le cadre de la physique statistique, de la nature et des propriétés statistiques et d’échelle de ces fluctuations plastiques en fonction de la symétrie cristalline, de la taille du système considéré, ainsi que du désordre interne, qu’il soit émergent (structures de dislocations) ou ajusté par des techniques d’alliage. On met ainsi en lumière des effets de taille très prononcés sur la stochasticité de la déformation plastique, un rapport d’échelle R=L/l entre la taille finie du système L et une échelle interne l jouant un rôle majeur pour expliquer ces transitions de comportement. On discute également le lien avec d’autres effets d’échelle, sur le seuil d’écoulement plastique ou la nature des mécanismes de durcissement, et on montre comment les techniques d’alliage peuvent réduire ces instabilités plastiques. Ceci ouvre la voie vers une métallurgie et des pratiques d’ingénierie aux échelles sous-microniques tenant compte du caractère stochastique intrinsèque de la plasticité à ces échelles, et tentant de le supprimer ou de l’atténuer.

Recently acoustic signature of dislocation avalanches in HCP materials was found to be long tailed in size and energy, suggesting critical dynamics. Moreover, the intermittent plastic response was found to be generic for micro- and nano-sized systems independently of their crystallographic symmetry. These rather remarkable discoveries are reviewed in this paper in the perspective of the recent studies performed in our group. We discuss the physical origin and the scaling properties of plastic fluctuations and address the nature of their dependence on crystalline symmetry, system size, and disorder content. A particular emphasis is placed on the formation of dislocation structures, and on our ability to temper plastic fluctuations by alloying. We also discuss the “smaller is wilder” size effect that culminates in a paradoxical crack-free brittle behavior of very small, initially dislocation free crystals. We argue that the implied transition between different rheological behaviors is regulated by the ratio of length scales R=L/l, where L is the system size and l is the internal length. We link this size effect with size dependence of strength (“smaller is stronger”) and the size-induced switch between different hardening mechanisms. We show that the task of taming the intermittency of plastic flow at ultra-small scales can be accomplished by generating tailored quenched disorder which allows one to control micro- and nano-forming and opens new perspectives in micro-metallurgy and structural engineering of miniature load-carrying elements. These insights were beyond the reach of conventional theoretical approaches that do not explicitly account for the stochastic nature of collective dislocation dynamics.

Première publication :
Publié le :
DOI : 10.5802/crphys.51
Keywords: Plasticity, Dislocations, Statistical physics, Avalanches, Critical phenomena
Mot clés : Plasticité, Dislocations, Physique statistique, Avalanches, Phénomènes critiques
Jérôme Weiss 1 ; Peng Zhang 2 ; Oğuz Umut Salman 3 ; Gang Liu 2 ; Lev Truskinovsky 4

1 ISTerre, CNRS/Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
2 State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
3 CNRS, LSPM UPR3407, Sorbonne Université Paris Nord, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
4 PMMH, CNRS UMR 7636, ESPCI ParsiTech, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
Licence : CC-BY 4.0
Droits d'auteur : Les auteurs conservent leurs droits 
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Jérôme Weiss; Peng Zhang; Oğuz Umut Salman; Gang Liu; Lev Truskinovsky. Fluctuations in crystalline plasticity. Comptes Rendus. Physique, Volume 22 (2021) no. S3, pp. 163-199. doi : 10.5802/crphys.51. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/articles/10.5802/crphys.51/

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