Total oxidation of VOCs on Pd and/or Au supported on TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> followed by “operando” DRIFT

Mahsa Hosseini; Stephane Siffert; Renaud Cousin; Antoine Aboukaïs; Zoulika Hadj-Sadok; Bao-Lian Su

doi:10.1016/j.crci.2008.09.032

Total oxidation of VOCs on Pd and/or Au supported on TiO₂/ZrO₂ followed by “operando” DRIFT

Mahsa Hosseini ¹ ; Stephane Siffert ¹ ; Renaud Cousin ¹ ; Antoine Aboukaïs ¹ ; Zoulika Hadj-Sadok ² ; Bao-Lian Su ²

¹ Laboratoire de catalyse et environnement, E.A. 2598, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, 145, avenue Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
² Laboratoire de chimie des matériaux inorganiques, Université de Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium

Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Volume 12 (2009) no. 6-7, pp. 654-659.

Résumés

Anglais
Français

Catalytic performances of nanostructured mesoporous TiO₂–ZrO₂ mixed oxides impregnated by Pd and/or Au were studied in toluene total oxidation in a fixed bed microreactor and with “operando” DRIFT. Mesoporous TiO₂–ZrO₂ mixed oxides with various Ti:Zr mole ratio of 80/20, 50/50 and 20/80, high surface areas were synthesised using a mixture of zirconium propoxide and titanium isoporopoxide as Zr and Ti sources and also CTMABr as surfactant. The new supports are impregnated by 0.5 or 1.5 wt% of palladium and 1 wt% of gold using impregnation and Deposition–Precipitation methods. The catalytic activity for the nanostructured mesoporous TiO₂₋–ZrO₂ mixed oxides varies depending on the molar ratio of Ti:Zr and also for all series of the studied catalysts impregnated by Pd and/or Au, when the gold is loaded firstly the activity in toluene complete oxidation is higher than when Pd was deposited firstly (PdAu/TZ > 1.5Pd/TZ > AuPd/TZ > Pd/TZ > Au/TZ > TZ). The highest activity of PdAu/TZ (80/20) can be related to the higher acid sites density of the support and also to the presence of a synergetic effect between palladium and gold. “Operando” DRIFT allowed following the VOCs oxidation but also suggesting an interaction between the adsorbed molecule and the catalyst which decreases when the activity for oxidation reaction increases.

La performance catalytique de mésoporeux TiO₂–ZrO₂ nanostructurés avec des rapports molaires Ti/Zr de 80/20, 50/50 et 20/80 ont été testés dans l'oxydation totale du toluène dans un microréacteur fixe et par IRTF en réflexion diffuse «operando». Les mésoporeux TiO₂–ZrO₂ ont été synthétisés en utilisant un mélange de propoxyde de zirconium et isopropoxyde de titane comme sources de Zr et Ti et de CTMABr comme surfactant. 0,5 ou 1,5% en masse de Pd et 1% d'or ont été déposés sur les supports préparés par imprégnation et par la méthode déposition–précipitation respectivement. L'activité catalytique varie en fonction du rapport molaire Ti/Zr et quelque soit le support, celle-ci suit l'ordre suivant : PdAu/TZ > 1.5Pd/TZ > AuPd/TZ > Pd/TZ > Au/TZ > TZ. La plus grande activité de PdAu/TZ 80/20 peut être reliée à une plus grande densité de sites acides du support et aussi à la présence d'un effet de synergie entre le palladium et l'or. La réaction catalytique suivie par IR «operando» a permis de suivre l'oxydation de COV mais aussi suggérer une interaction entre la molécule adsorbée et la catalyseur qui diminue quand l'activité catalytique augmente.

Métadonnées

Reçu le : 2008-05-06
Accepté le : 2008-09-15
Publié le : 2009-02-26

DOI : 10.1016/j.crci.2008.09.032

Mots-clés : Au, Pd, Mesoporous titania–zirconia mixed oxides, Toluene total oxidation, “Operando” DRIFT, Pd, Au, Oxydes mixtes TiO₂–ZrO₂ mésoporeux, Oxydation totale du toluène, IRTF en réflexion diffuse «operando»

Affiliations des auteurs :

Mahsa Hosseini ¹ ; Stephane Siffert ¹ ; Renaud Cousin ¹ ; Antoine Aboukaïs ¹ ; Zoulika Hadj-Sadok ² ; Bao-Lian Su ²

¹ Laboratoire de catalyse et environnement, E.A. 2598, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, 145, avenue Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
² Laboratoire de chimie des matériaux inorganiques, Université de Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium

@article{CRCHIM_2009__12_6-7_654_0,
     author = {Mahsa Hosseini and Stephane Siffert and Renaud Cousin and Antoine Abouka{\"\i}s and Zoulika Hadj-Sadok and Bao-Lian Su},
     title = {Total oxidation of {VOCs} on {Pd} and/or {Au} supported on {TiO\protect\textsubscript{2}/ZrO\protect\textsubscript{2}} followed by {\textquotedblleft}operando{\textquotedblright} {DRIFT}},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Chimie},
     pages = {654--659},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     volume = {12},
     number = {6-7},
     year = {2009},
     doi = {10.1016/j.crci.2008.09.032},
     language = {en},
}

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mahsa Hosseini
AU  - Stephane Siffert
AU  - Renaud Cousin
AU  - Antoine Aboukaïs
AU  - Zoulika Hadj-Sadok
AU  - Bao-Lian Su
TI  - Total oxidation of VOCs on Pd and/or Au supported on TiO2/ZrO2 followed by “operando” DRIFT
JO  - Comptes Rendus. Chimie
PY  - 2009
SP  - 654
EP  - 659
VL  - 12
IS  - 6-7
PB  - Elsevier
DO  - 10.1016/j.crci.2008.09.032
LA  - en
ID  - CRCHIM_2009__12_6-7_654_0
ER  -

%0 Journal Article
%A Mahsa Hosseini
%A Stephane Siffert
%A Renaud Cousin
%A Antoine Aboukaïs
%A Zoulika Hadj-Sadok
%A Bao-Lian Su
%T Total oxidation of VOCs on Pd and/or Au supported on TiO2/ZrO2 followed by “operando” DRIFT
%J Comptes Rendus. Chimie
%D 2009
%P 654-659
%V 12
%N 6-7
%I Elsevier
%R 10.1016/j.crci.2008.09.032
%G en
%F CRCHIM_2009__12_6-7_654_0

Mahsa Hosseini; Stephane Siffert; Renaud Cousin; Antoine Aboukaïs; Zoulika Hadj-Sadok; Bao-Lian Su. Total oxidation of VOCs on Pd and/or Au supported on TiO₂/ZrO₂ followed by “operando” DRIFT. Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Volume 12 (2009) no. 6-7, pp. 654-659. doi : 10.1016/j.crci.2008.09.032. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/chimie/articles/10.1016/j.crci.2008.09.032/

Version originale du texte intégral

Le texte intégral ci-dessous peut contenir quelques erreurs de conversion par rapport à la version officielle de l'article publié.

1 Introduction

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are recognized as major contributors to air pollution, either directly through their toxic nature, or indirectly as ozone and smog precursors. Catalytic combustion is an efficient way to control the emission of VOCs at low concentration. The most efficient catalysts belong to two categories: supported noble metal catalysts (Pd, Pt and Au) [1,2] and transition metal oxides such as Co and Cu oxides [3]. Noble metal shows the lower light-off temperatures in the oxidation of hydrocarbons [4]. Palladium and platinum are extensively used as active and selective components in the complete oxidation of VOCs [5]. Palladium is particularly interesting for catalytic combustion application in low VOC concentration due to its unusual behaviour in an oxygen or air-rich atmosphere [6]. Modification of palladium with gold often results in improvement in the catalytic activity of palladium for oxidation [2,7]. The addition of a second metal can favour the reduction of the first, increase the dispersion of a metal which has a tendency to form large particles or decrease its fritting [8]. The activity and selectivity of support Pd and Au catalysts in total oxidation have been reported to depend on the type of metal oxide support [9,10]. Therefore, the selection of an efficient support is a decisive factor to obtain catalysts with a good performance. The state and structure of the support strongly influence the catalytic activity and selectivity of the gold-based catalysts. Titania and zirconia have been found to be promising materials, both as an active centre and a support, for VOCs oxidation [11,12]. Recently, much attention was paid to the synthesis of nanostructured mesoporous oxides with high surface area and uniform pore size distribution using the surfactant templating method [13,14,15]. In the present work TiO₂–ZrO₂ mixed oxides were synthesised using a single surfactant. The results concerning the synthesis and characterisation of the palladium and/or gold supported catalysts are presented and the catalysts were tested in complete toluene oxidation. The specific properties of the nanostructured mesoporous titania–zirconia mixed oxide and their influence on the catalytic activity results are also discussed.

2 Experimental

Nanostructured mesoporous TiO₂–ZrO₂ mixed oxides with various Ti:Zr molar ratios, 80/20, 50/50 and 20/80, were synthesised using a single surfactant as templating agent. A micellar solution of CTMABr was prepared by dissolving the surfactant at room temperature in an aqueous acidic solution (pH = 2). The inorganic sources were added drop by drop to the solution. The precursors employed were Ti (OC₃H₇)₄ (98%, Aldrich) and Zr (OC₃H₇)₄ (70%, Chempur). The surfactant/precursors molar ratio was 0.33. The gel obtained after stirring for 1 h at room temperature was sealed into teflon autoclaves and heated. The hydrothermal treatment was performed for 24 h at 80 °C. The template was completely removed after 48 h of ethanol extraction. The mesoporous titania–zirconia mixed oxide was dried at 40 °C and calcined in air at 400 °C for 4 h. The synthesised supports were denoted TZ 80/20, TZ 50/50 and TZ 20/80 (titania–zirconia is denoted as TZ).

The new supports are impregnated with 0.5 or 1.5 wt% of palladium and 1 wt% of gold. The catalysts were prepared in accordance to the order of deposition of the promoters (gold and palladium):

● 0.5 and 1.5 wt% of palladium on mesoporous supports denoted respectively as Pd/TZ and 1.5Pd/TZ;
● 1 wt% of gold on mesoporous supports denoted as Au/TZ;
● 0.5 wt% of palladium on mesoporous supports promoted by 1 wt% of gold, denoted as PdAu/TZ;
● 1 wt% of gold on mesoporous supports promoted by 0.5 wt% of palladium, denoted as AuPd/TZ.

The palladium and/or gold samples were prepared by a method previously described by our group [2]. Gold was deposited using the Deposition–Precipitation method and a HAuCl₄ solution. Palladium supported samples were prepared by aqueous impregnating method using palladium nitrate. The samples were dried at 80 °C and calcined in air at 400 °C for 4 h.

The solids obtained were all characterised by thermal analysis, specific area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H₂ temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).

The structures of the solids were analyzed by powder XRD technique at room temperature with a Bruker diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation scanning 2θ angles ranging from 10 to 80°.

TPR experiments were carried out in an Altamira AMI-200 apparatus. The TPR profiles were obtained by passing a 5% H₂/Ar flow (30 ml min⁻¹) through the calcined sample (about 100 mg). The temperature was increased from −40 to 300 °C at a rate of 5 °C min⁻¹. The hydrogen concentration in the effluent was continuously monitored by a thermo conductivity detector (TCD).

Thermal analysis measurements were performed using a Netzsch STA 409 equipped with a microbalance differential analysis (DTA) and a flow gas system. The dried catalyst was treated under air; the temperature was raised at a rate of 5 °C min⁻¹ from room temperature to 1000 °C.

The specific areas of solids were determined by BET method using Quantasorb Junior apparatus and the gas adsorbed at −196 °C is pure nitrogen.

EPR measurements were performed at −196 °C and 25 °C on an EMX Brüker spectrometer. A cavity operating with a frequency of 9.5 GHz (X band) was used. Precise g values were determined from simultaneous precise measuring of frequency and magnetic field values. All EPR spectra were treated with the Brüker WINEPR program.

The mono and bimetallic catalysts were tested in the oxidation of toluene. Toluene oxidation was carried out in a conventional fixed bed microreactor and studied between 25 and 400 °C (1 °C min⁻¹) with “operando” Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. The reactive flow (100 mL min⁻¹) was composed of air and 1000 ppm of gaseous toluene or propene. Before the catalytic test, the solid (100 mg) was calcined under a flow of air (2 L h⁻¹) at 400 °C (1 °C min⁻¹) and reduced under hydrogen flow (2 L h⁻¹) at 200 °C (1 °C min⁻¹).

3 Results and discussion

The X-ray diffraction patterns and UV-visible spectra (not shown) of the samples have shown that the synthesised supports remain amorphous after calcination at 400 °C. Anatase and tetragonal crystalline phases of titania and zirconia, usually obtained [16] were not observed.

The BET areas, the pore volume and the average pore diameter obtained by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (not shown) of the supports are presented in Table 1. The BET supports areas changes according to the titanium/zirconium molar ratio. However, the low differences between the surface area of the untreated and calcined sample can be explained by the amorphous character of the titania–zirconia mixed oxides.

Sample	BET Surface area (m²/g)	Pore diameter (nm)
Calcined at 400 °C	After the catalytic test
TiO₂–ZrO₂ 80/20	601	553	2.9
TiO₂–ZrO₂ 50/50	410	353	5.5
TiO₂–ZrO₂ 20/80	372	323	2.0

The catalytic performances of the supports were carried out in toluene total oxidation (Fig. 1). Catalytic activity of the samples at the temperature for 50% of toluene conversion (T50) changes according to the titanium/zirconium molar ratios and their surface areas: TZ 80/20 > TZ 50/50 > TZ 20/80. Among these supports the catalyst TZ 80/20 is the most active.

Fig. 1
Conversion of toluene on the various TiO₂–ZrO₂ supports.

The TPR profiles of calcined supports (Fig. 2) have shown a lowest temperature of reduction for the more active catalyst. Whatever the Ti/Zr molar ratio is, the supports were not enough active for total toluene oxidation.

Fig. 2
H₂-TPR profiles of the calcined supports: TZ 80/20, TZ 50/50 and TZ 20/80.

The results of the catalytic activity measurements obtained for the catalysts on mesoporous titania–zirconia supported Pd and/or Au are shown in Fig. 3. It is important to note that, whatever the support used, the catalytic activity, given by the T50 values (Table 2), follows the same order: PdAu/TZ > 1.5Pd/TZ > AuPd/TZ > Pd/TZ > Au/TZ > TZ. The PdAu/TZ sample exhibits the highest catalytic activity in comparison with the other samples. For this catalyst, the complete toluene conversion is reached at 220 °C and it should be noted that for the same sample without precious metals, total oxidation is not observed under 400 °C. Depending on the order of the deposition of the palladium and gold, the PdAu/TZ sample shows significantly a higher conversion in comparison with the AuPd/TZ sample. In the case of all types of the TiO₂–ZrO₂, when palladium is loaded before gold the catalytic activities are lower in comparison with the samples, when gold is loaded firstly. The impregnation of palladium on Au/TZ is therefore, very interesting for VOC oxidation and there must be a synergetic effect between Pd and Au on the catalyst obtained. Gold can electronically influence the catalytic properties of Pd [17]. Thus, Hutching and co-workers [18] had correlated the high activity for H₂ oxidation on AuPd/TiO₂ catalysts to a core–shell morphology with a gold-rich core and a palladium-rich surface. The best activity for PdAu/TZ can be explained by this morphology and the bad activity of AuPd/TZ by an inverse core–shell.

Fig. 3
Conversion of toluene on the various catalysts.

Sample	T_50% of toluene conversion (°C)
TZ 80/20	TZ 20/80
PdAu/TZ	202	218
AuPd/TZ	242	250
Pd/TZ	251	280
Au/TZ	340	309
1.5Pd/TZ	225	231
TZ	351	371

TPR profiles of the precious metal samples supported on mesoporous TZ 20/80 are shown in Fig. 4. For pure TZ 20/80 no peak is registered until 450 °C (Fig. 2). For the supported samples the first low temperature peak of hydrogen consumption was detected, which is assigned to the PdO → Pd° reduction at the surface of the catalysts. The negative peak at about 80 °C is due to hydrogen desorption on palladium [18]. The second positive peak in the range 100–160 °C should correspond to the reduction of PdO particles more dispersed and/or in the porous structure or oxygen on gold and also the reduction of a part of the support. The peak above 250 °C is connected to the reduction of the support. Moreover, the experimental H₂ consumption is more than the theoretical prediction. Therefore, in comparison with the sample before impregnation, the reduction of mesoporous TiO₂–ZrO₂ mixed oxide in interaction with noble metal is observed at low temperature.

Fig. 4
H₂-TPR profiles of the calcined catalysts TZ 20/80.

“Operando” DRIFT was carried out for the toluene reaction on PdAu/TZ 80/20, Pd/TZ 80/20 and Au/TZ 80/20 samples. For the toluene reaction on PdAu/TZ 80/20 catalyst (Fig. 5.A), the peaks observed after the introduction of toluene at 1498 and 1526 cm⁻¹ correspond to the aromatic ν_c_c vibration as another band at 1596 cm⁻¹ which appeared at 200 °C. The band at 1498 cm⁻¹ corresponds exclusively to toluene whereas the bands at 1596 and 1526 cm⁻¹ increasing until 300 °C and decreasing after this temperature, are also attributed to the formation of intermediate aromatic products during the toluene oxidation which stopped at high toluene conversion. Moreover, the broad band between 3100 and 3600 cm⁻¹ corresponds to the O–H bond vibration (Fig. 5.B). The bands at 3025 cm⁻¹ should be generated from the C–H bond vibration of methyl group of toluene. This band disappears at high temperature. The peaks observed at 3065 cm⁻¹ which increase till 250 °C and then decrease with temperature, should correspond to the C–H bond vibration of toluene and aromatic intermediate products. The broad bands at 1656 cm⁻¹ are generated at high temperature (over 250 °C) from new compounds or cokes during the reaction. Bellamy [19] has shown that this peak is characteristic of an aromatic poly-substitution cycle.

Fig. 5
“Operando” DRIFT spectra of toluene on PdAu/TZ 80/20.

Results of the same type were found for both other catalysts for toluene oxidation. However, it was important to observe that, the toluene ν_c_c absorbance was shifted to lower wave numbers: 1498 cm⁻¹ for Pd/TZ 80/20 and 1426 cm⁻¹ for Au/TZ 80/20. The shift of the wave number of the ν_c_c band is correlated to the catalytic activity. This activity increases with the electronic density of the aromatic cycle of toluene, therefore when the interaction or adsorption between the aromatic cycle with the catalyst decreases. In fact, the adsorption of the VOC over noble metal supported catalysts has been studied by Paulis et al. [20] and by Ordonez et al. [21] and they studied the influence of the hydrocarbons adsorption processes on the oxidation reaction. These works showed that the lower adsorption of molecule on the catalyst the lower is the combustion temperature. The same tendency is observed for our catalysts.

The “in situ” calcination of the solids after the catalytic test was also studied. The intensity of the broad peaks corresponding to coke formed during toluene oxidation, decrease between 300 and 400 °C, by the combustion of this coke. This is in agreement with the results obtained by the EPR signal at g factor of 2.003 corresponding to coked catalyst.

Moreover, both the DTA exothermic signals at about 328 and 608 °C observed for the studied samples after the toluene tests (Fig. 6) should correspond to two types of hydrocarbon molecules, respectively light coke corresponding to (polysubstituted) monoaromatic compounds and more heavy coke to polyaromatics [22]. Moreover, the lowest weight loss between 100 and 700 °C was observed for our best PdAu/TZ catalyst (Table 3). The stability of the catalysts was evaluated for a toluene conversion of 15% (for a better viewing of the deactivation) but no deactivation was observed after 48 h.

Fig. 6
DTA–TGA profile of PdAu/TZ 80/20 under air.

Sample	Mass loss (%)
PdAu/TZ 80/20	1.7
Pd/TZ 80/20	4.6
Au/TZ 80/20	3.9

4 Conclusion

Nanostructured mesoporous TiO₂–ZrO₂ mixed oxides with Ti:Zr mole ratios of 80/20, 50/50 and 20/80, are synthesised using a mixture of zirconium propoxide and titanium isopropoxide as Zr and Ti source and also CTMABr as surfactant. The new supports are impregnated by 0.5 or 1.5 wt% of palladium and 1 wt% of gold. Whatever the support used, the catalytic activity for toluene total oxidation follows the same order: PdAu/TZ > 1.5Pd/TZ > AuPd/TZ > Pd/TZ > Au/TZ > TZ. The promotional effect of gold added to palladium is then observed for the PdAu/TZ sample. Moreover, the hydrogen TPR profile of the catalyst shows that the experimental H₂ consumption is higher than theoretically expected. Therefore, in comparison with the TPR profile before impregnation, we observe the reduction of the support in interaction with the noble metal at low temperature. Otherwise, “operando” DRIFT allows one to follow the VOCs oxidation, but also suggest an interaction between the adsorbed molecule and the catalyst, which decreases when the activity for oxidation reaction increases. Coke formation is also observed and its presence after test is also shown with DTA–TGA experiments by exothermic signals between 300 and 600 °C, by EPR with the signal at a factor g = 2.003 and a BET area decrease.

Bibliographie

[1] J.K. Edwards; B. Solsona; P. Landon; A.F. Carly; A. Herzing; C. Kiely; G.J. Hutching J. Catal., 236 (2005), p. 69

[2] M. Hosseini; S. Siffert; H.L. Tidahy; R. Cousin; J.-F. Lamonier; A. Aboukaïs; A. Vantomme; B.-L. Su Catal. Today, 122 (2007), p. 391

[3] M. Labaki; S. Siffert; J.-F. Lamonier; E.A. Zhilinskaya; A. Aboukais Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 43 (2003), p. 261

[4] J. Carpentier; J.-F. Lamonier; S. Siffert; E.A. Zhilinskaya; A. Aboukaïs Appl. Catal., A, 234 (2002), p. 91

[5] H.L. Tidahy; S. Siffert; J.-F. Lamonier; R. Cousin; E.A. Zhilinskaya; A. Aboukaïs; B.-L. Su; X. Canet; G. De Weireld; M. Frère; J.-M. Giraudon; G. Leclercq Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 70 (2007), p. 377

[6] G. Veser; M. Ziauddin; L.D. Schmidt Catal. Today, 47 (1999), p. 219

[7] M.P. Kapoor; Y. Ichihashi; T. Nakamori; Y. Matsumura J. Mol. Catal., A: Chem., 213 (2004), p. 251

[8] G. Riahi; D. Guillemot; M. Polisset-Thfoin; A.A. Khodadadi; J. Fraissard Catal. Today, 72 (2002), p. 115

[9] D. Andreeva; T. Tabakova; L. Ilieva; A. Naydenov; D. Mehanjiev; M.V. Abrashev J. Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 209 (2001), p. 291

[10] W.-C. Li; M. Comotti; F. Schüth J. Catal., 237 (2006), p. 190

[11] M.D. Robbins; M.A. Henderson J. Catal., 238 (2006), p. 111

[12] V. Idakiev; L. Ilieva; D. Andreeva; J.-L. Blin; L. Gigot; B.-L. Su Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 243 (2003), p. 25

[13] D.M. Antonelli Microporous Mater., 30 (1999), p. 315

[14] J.-Y. Zheng; J.-B. Pang; K.-Y. Qin; Y. Wei Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 49 (2001), p. 189

[15] M.P. Kapoor; Y. Ichihashi; K. Kuraoka; Y. Matsumura J. Mol. Catal., A: Chem., 198 (2003), p. 303

[16] H.L. Tidahy; S. Siffert; J.-F. Lamonier; R. Cousin; E.A. Zhilinskaya; A. Aboukaïs; Z.-Y. Yuan; A. Vantomme; B.-L. Su; X. Canet; G. De Weireld; M. Frère; B. N'Guyen; J.-M. Giraudon; G. Leclercq Appl. Catal., A, 310 (2006), p. 61

[17] D.I. Enache; J.K. Edwards; P. Landon; B.E. Solsona-Espriu; A.F. Carley; A. Herzing; M. Watanabe; C.J. Kiely; D.W. Knight; G.J. Hutchings Science, 311 (2006), p. 362

[18] D.I. Enache; D. Barker; J.K. Edwards; S.H. Taylor; D.W. Knight; A.F. Carley; G.J. Hutchings Catal. Today (2007)

[19] L.J. Bellamy The Infra-red Spectra of Complex Molecules, Methuen, London, 1964

[20] M. Paulis; L.M. Gandia; A. Gil; J. Sambeth; J.A. Odriozola; M. Montes Appl. Catal., B: Enviorn., 26 (2000), p. 37

[21] S. Ordonez; L. Bello; H. Sastre; R. Rosal; F.V. Diez Appl. Catal., B: Enviorn., 38 (2002), p. 139

[22] C.-B. Wang; H.-G. Lee; T.-F. Yeh; S.-N. Hsu; K.-S. Chu Thermochim. Acta, 401 (2003), p. 209

Cité par

Longfei Wang; Chun Huang; Ziting Gao; Bing Cui; Mingqin Zhao; Menglan Xiao; Xiaolin Yu Recent Research on the Anti-Poisoning Catalysts in the Catalytic Oxidation of VOCs: A Review, Catalysts, Volume 15 (2025) no. 3, p. 234 | DOI:10.3390/catal15030234
Fengshi Meng; Xiaolong Tang; Grandprix T.M. Kadja; Honghong Yi; Shunzheng Zhao; Wenjing Wu; Yuanyuan Zhang; Fengyu Gao; Qingjun Yu A systematic review with improving activity and stability in VOCs elimination by oxidation of noble metals: Starting from active sites, Separation and Purification Technology, Volume 354 (2025), p. 129222 | DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129222
Elisabete C.B.A. Alegria; Manas Sutradhar; Tannistha R. Barman Catalytic Oxidation ofVOCs to Value‐added Compounds Under Mild Conditions, Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment (2024), p. 161 | DOI:10.1002/9781119870647.ch9
H. Azzi; N. Belaidi; L. Cherif; R. Cousin; S. Siffert Uniform mesoporous cobalt oxide supported Pd and/ or Au catalysts: effect of the order of metal deposition on the activity in the total oxidation of toluene, Research on Chemical Intermediates, Volume 49 (2023) no. 2, p. 491 | DOI:10.1007/s11164-022-04896-2
Jing Wang; Peifen Wang; Zhijun Wu; Tao Yu; Abuliti Abudula; Ming Sun; Xiaoxun Ma; Guoqing Guan Mesoporous catalysts for catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds: preparations, mechanisms and applications, Reviews in Chemical Engineering, Volume 39 (2023) no. 4, p. 541 | DOI:10.1515/revce-2021-0029
Emile Haye; Tarek Barakat; Loris Chavee; Bao-Lian Su; Stéphane Lucas; Laurent Houssiau; Jean-Jacques Pireaux; Amine Achour Low-pressure plasma process for the dry synthesis of cactus-like Au-TiO2 nanocatalysts for toluene degradation, Applied Surface Science, Volume 571 (2022), p. 151313 | DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151313
Tiantian Dong; Kun Liu; Ruyi Gao; Hualian Chen; Xiaohui Yu; Zhiquan Hou; Lin Jing; Jiguang Deng; Yuxi Liu; Hongxing Dai Enhanced Performance of Supported Ternary Metal Catalysts for the Oxidation of Toluene in the Presence of Trichloroethylene, Catalysts, Volume 12 (2022) no. 5, p. 541 | DOI:10.3390/catal12050541
Vladimir Brummer; Sin Yong Teng; David Jecha; Pavel Skryja; Veronika Vavrcikova; Petr Stehlik Contribution to cleaner production from the point of view of VOC emissions abatement: A review, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 361 (2022), p. 132112 | DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132112
Benzhen Lou; Noman Shakoor; Muhammad Adeel; Peng Zhang; Lili Huang; Yongwen Zhao; Weichen Zhao; Yaqi Jiang; Yukui Rui Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds by non-noble metal catalyst: Current advancement and future prospectives, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 363 (2022), p. 132523 | DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132523
Cynthia Abou Serhal; Rebecca El Khawaja; Madona Labaki; Isabelle Mallard; Christophe Poupin; Renaud Cousin; Stéphane Siffert Influence of Co/Fe molar ratio on hydrotalcite catalysts prepared with or without microwave, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Volume 309 (2022), p. 122943 | DOI:10.1016/j.jssc.2022.122943
Jana Gaálová; Pavel Topka Gold and Ceria as Catalysts for VOC Abatement: A Review, Catalysts, Volume 11 (2021) no. 7, p. 789 | DOI:10.3390/catal11070789
H. Azzi; L. Chérif; S. Siffert Gold catalysts supported on cerium-modified mesoporous zirconia for total toluene oxidation. Effect of Ce/Zr molar ratio, Research on Chemical Intermediates, Volume 47 (2021) no. 3, p. 1009 | DOI:10.1007/s11164-020-04313-6
Chi He; Jie Cheng; Xin Zhang; Mark Douthwaite; Samuel Pattisson; Zhengping Hao Recent Advances in the Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds: A Review Based on Pollutant Sorts and Sources, Chemical Reviews, Volume 119 (2019) no. 7, p. 4471 | DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00408
Feixiang Shen; Ke Li; Dejun Xu; Ruining Yan; Ting Chen; Reggie Zhan; He Lin Electric field promoted oxidation of naphthalene over Cu/Ce0.55Zr0.45O catalysts at low temperature, Molecular Catalysis, Volume 476 (2019), p. 110536 | DOI:10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110536
Przemysław J. Jodłowski; Damian K. Chlebda; Roman J. Jędrzejczyk; Anna Dziedzicka; Łukasz Kuterasiński; Maciej Sitarz Characterisation of well-adhered ZrO2 layers produced on structured reactors using the sonochemical sol–gel method, Applied Surface Science, Volume 427 (2018), p. 563 | DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.057
Tarek Barakat; Joanna C. Rooke; Dayan Chlala; Renaud Cousin; Jean-François Lamonier; Jean-Marc Giraudon; Sandra Casale; Pascale Massiani; Bao-Lian Su; Stéphane Siffert Oscillatory Behavior of Pd-Au Catalysts in Toluene Total Oxidation, Catalysts, Volume 8 (2018) no. 12, p. 574 | DOI:10.3390/catal8120574
Lyuba Ilieva; Anna Venezia; Petya Petrova; Giuseppe Pantaleo; Leonarda Liotta; Rodolfo Zanella; Zbigniew Kaszkur; Tatyana Tabakova Effect of Y Modified Ceria Support in Mono and Bimetallic Pd–Au Catalysts for Complete Benzene Oxidation, Catalysts, Volume 8 (2018) no. 7, p. 283 | DOI:10.3390/catal8070283
Eric Genty; Luc Jacobs; Thierry Visart de Bocarmé; Cédric Barroo Dynamic Processes on Gold-Based Catalysts Followed by Environmental Microscopies, Catalysts, Volume 7 (2017) no. 5, p. 134 | DOI:10.3390/catal7050134
Zhiwei Wang; Yuxi Liu; Tao Yang; Jiguang Deng; Shaohua Xie; Hongxing Dai Catalytic performance of cobalt oxide-supported gold-palladium nanocatalysts for the removal of toluene and o -xylene, Chinese Journal of Catalysis, Volume 38 (2017) no. 2, p. 207 | DOI:10.1016/s1872-2067(16)62569-x
Linlin Li; Feng Zhang; Zhaoxiang Zhong; Ming Zhu; Chenyang Jiang; Jian Hu; Weihong Xing Novel Synthesis of a High-Performance Pt/ZnO/SiC Filter for the Oxidation of Toluene, Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, Volume 56 (2017) no. 46, p. 13857 | DOI:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02793
Yuyu Guo; Shen Zhang; Wentao Mu; Xingying Li; Zhe Li Methanol total oxidation as model reaction for the effects of different Pd content on Pd-Pt/CeO2-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts, Molecular Catalysis, Volume 429 (2017), p. 18 | DOI:10.1016/j.molcata.2016.11.041
Piotr Kaminski; Maria Ziolek; Jeroen A. van Bokhoven Mesoporous cerium–zirconium oxides modified with gold and copper – synthesis, characterization and performance in selective oxidation of glycerol, RSC Advances, Volume 7 (2017) no. 13, p. 7801 | DOI:10.1039/c6ra27671g
Piotr Kaminski; Maria Ziolek Mobility of gold, copper and cerium species in Au, Cu/Ce, Zr-oxides and its impact on total oxidation of methanol, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Volume 187 (2016), p. 328 | DOI:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.01.040
Teresa A. Wierzbicki; Ivan C. Lee; Ashwani K. Gupta Recent advances in catalytic oxidation and reformation of jet fuels, Applied Energy, Volume 165 (2016), p. 904 | DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.057
Muhammad Shahzad Kamal; Shaikh A. Razzak; Mohammad M. Hossain Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – A review, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 140 (2016), p. 117 | DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.031
Zhixing Wu; Jiguang Deng; Shaohua Xie; Huanggen Yang; Xingtian Zhao; Kunfeng Zhang; Hongxia Lin; Hongxing Dai; Guangsheng Guo Mesoporous Cr2O3-supported Au–Pd nanoparticles: High-performance catalysts for the oxidation of toluene, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Volume 224 (2016), p. 311 | DOI:10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.11.061
María Silvia Leguizamon Aparicio; Maria Elena Canafoglia; Marco Antonio Ocsachoque; Ileana Daniela Lick; Irma Lia Botto Co-Rh modified natural zeolites as new catalytic materials to oxidize propane and naphthalene from emission sources, Open Chemistry, Volume 14 (2016) no. 1, p. 335 | DOI:10.1515/chem-2016-0036
Shaohua Xie; Jiguang Deng; Yuxi Liu; Zhenhua Zhang; Huanggen Yang; Yang Jiang; Hamidreza Arandiyan; Hongxing Dai; Chak Tong Au Excellent catalytic performance, thermal stability, and water resistance of 3DOM Mn2O3-supported Au–Pd alloy nanoparticles for the complete oxidation of toluene, Applied Catalysis A: General, Volume 507 (2015), p. 82 | DOI:10.1016/j.apcata.2015.09.026
Joanna C. Rooke; Tarek Barakat; Julien Brunet; Yu Li; Manuel Franco Finol; Jean-François Lamonier; Jean-Marc Giraudon; Renaud Cousin; Stéphane Siffert; Bao Lian Su Hierarchically nanostructured porous group V b metal oxides from alkoxide precursors and their role in the catalytic remediation of VOCs, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Volume 162 (2015), p. 300 | DOI:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.06.056
Magdalena Jabłońska; Lucjan Chmielarz; Agnieszka Węgrzyn; Kinga Góra-Marek; Zofia Piwowarska; Stefan Witkowski; Ewa Bidzińska; Piotr Kuśtrowski; Anna Wach; Dorota Majda Hydrotalcite derived (Cu, Mn)–Mg–Al metal oxide systems doped with palladium as catalysts for low-temperature methanol incineration, Applied Clay Science, Volume 114 (2015), p. 273 | DOI:10.1016/j.clay.2015.05.027
Arshid M. Ali; Muhammad A. Daous; Ahmed Arafat; Abdulraheem A. AlZahrani; Yahia Alhamed; Turdimuhammad Abdullah; Lachezar A. Petrov; Sherine Obare Effect of Au Precursor and Support on the Catalytic Activity of the Nano‐Au‐Catalysts for Propane Complete Oxidation, Journal of Nanomaterials, Volume 2015 (2015) no. 1 | DOI:10.1155/2015/901439
T. Barakat; V. Idakiev; R. Cousin; G.-S. Shao; Z.-Y. Yuan; T. Tabakova; S. Siffert Total oxidation of toluene over noble metal based Ce, Fe and Ni doped titanium oxides, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Volume 146 (2014), p. 138 | DOI:10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.05.064
Anna Cybula; Grzegorz Nowaczyk; Marcin Jarek; Adriana Zaleska; Arash Dehghan Banadaki Preparation and Characterization of Au/Pd Modified‐TiO2 Photocatalysts for Phenol and Toluene Degradation under Visible Light—The Effect of Calcination Temperature, Journal of Nanomaterials, Volume 2014 (2014) no. 1 | DOI:10.1155/2014/918607
Tarek Barakat; Joanna C. Rooke; Eric Genty; Renaud Cousin; Stéphane Siffert; Bao-Lian Su Gold catalysts in environmental remediation and water-gas shift technologies, Energy Environ. Sci., Volume 6 (2013) no. 2, p. 371 | DOI:10.1039/c2ee22859a
T. Caillot; Z. Salama; N. Chanut; F.J. Cadete Santos Aires; S. Bennici; A. Auroux Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of zirconia based catalysts, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Volume 203 (2013), p. 79 | DOI:10.1016/j.jssc.2013.04.005
M. Hosseini; T. Barakat; R. Cousin; A. Aboukaïs; B.-L. Su; G. De Weireld; S. Siffert Catalytic performance of core–shell and alloy Pd–Au nanoparticles for total oxidation of VOC: The effect of metal deposition, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Volume 111-112 (2012), p. 218 | DOI:10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.10.002
Salvatore Scirè; Leonarda Francesca Liotta Supported gold catalysts for the total oxidation of volatile organic compounds, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Volume 125 (2012), p. 222 | DOI:10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.05.047
Asunción Aranda; Said Agouram; Jose M. López; Ana M. Mastral; David R. Sellick; Benjamín Solsona; Stuart H. Taylor; Tomás García Oxygen defects: The key parameter controlling the activity and selectivity of mesoporous copper-doped ceria for the total oxidation of naphthalene, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Volume 127 (2012), p. 77 | DOI:10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.07.033
J.C. Rooke; T. Barakat; S. Siffert; B.-L. Su Total catalytic oxidation of toluene using Pd impregnated on hierarchically porous Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 supports, Catalysis Today, Volume 192 (2012) no. 1, p. 183 | DOI:10.1016/j.cattod.2011.10.011
Tarek Barakat; Joanna C. Rooke; Manuel Franco; Renaud Cousin; Jean‐François Lamonier; Jean‐Marc Giraudon; Bao‐Lian Su; Stéphane Siffert Pd‐ and/or Au‐Loaded Nb‐ and V‐Doped Macro‐Mesoporous TiO2 Supports as Catalysts for the Total Oxidation of VOCs, European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 2012 (2012) no. 16, p. 2812 | DOI:10.1002/ejic.201101233
Lenka Matějová; Zdeněk Matěj; Olga Šolcová A facile synthesis of well-defined titania nanocrystallites: Study on their growth, morphology and surface properties, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Volume 154 (2012), p. 187 | DOI:10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.11.054
Tarek Barakat; Gauthier Finne; Manuel Franco; Renaud Cousin; Jean Marc Giraudon; Jean François Lamonier; Diane Thomas; André Decroly; Guy Deweireld; Stéphane Siffert Influence of Shaping on Pd and Pt/TiO₂ Catalysts in Total Oxidation of VOCs, Advanced Materials Research, Volume 324 (2011), p. 162 | DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.324.162
J. Gaálová; P. Topka; L. Kaluža; O. Šolcová Gold versus platinum on ceria–zirconia mixed oxides in oxidation of ethanol and toluene, Catalysis Today, Volume 175 (2011) no. 1, p. 231 | DOI:10.1016/j.cattod.2011.05.011
Tarek Barakat; Joanna C. Rooke; Haingomalala Lucette Tidahy; Mahsa Hosseini; Renaud Cousin; Jean‐François Lamonier; Jean‐Marc Giraudon; Guy De Weireld; Bao‐Lian Su; Stéphane Siffert Noble‐Metal‐Based Catalysts Supported on Zeolites and Macro‐Mesoporous Metal Oxide Supports for the Total Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds, ChemSusChem, Volume 4 (2011) no. 10, p. 1420 | DOI:10.1002/cssc.201100282
Tingjiang Yan; Jinlin Long; Xicheng Shi; Donghui Wang; Zhaohui Li; Xuxu Wang Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds by Porous Indium Hydroxide Nanocrystals, Environmental Science Technology, Volume 44 (2010) no. 4, p. 1380 | DOI:10.1021/es902702v
C. Gennequin; M. Lamallem; R. Cousin; S. Siffert; V. Idakiev; T. Tabakova; A. Aboukaïs; B. L. Su Total oxidation of volatile organic compounds on Au/Ce–Ti–O and Au/Ce–Ti–Zr–O mesoporous catalysts, Journal of Materials Science, Volume 44 (2009) no. 24, p. 6654 | DOI:10.1007/s10853-009-3631-4

Cité par 46 documents. Sources : Crossref

Commentaires - Politique