An efficient ultrasound-promoted method for the synthesis of bis(indole) derivatives

Somayeh Rahimi; Mohammad A. Amrollahi; Zohreh Kheilkordi

doi:10.1016/j.crci.2014.10.005

An efficient ultrasound-promoted method for the synthesis of bis(indole) derivatives

Somayeh Rahimi ¹ ; Mohammad A. Amrollahi ¹ ; Zohreh Kheilkordi ¹

¹ Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195–741, Yazd, Iran

Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Volume 18 (2015) no. 5, pp. 558-563.

Résumé

In this paper, the reaction of indole with electron-deficient alkenes in aqueous media is reported. This procedure allows the synthesis of bis(indole) derivatives in good to high yields at 90 °C under silent and ultrasound irradiation conditions. Short reaction times and high yields of desired products are the main advantages of the presented procedure. This reaction catalyzed by 12-tungstophosphoric acid is operationally simple and considers environmental aspects by avoiding toxic catalysts and solvents.

Métadonnées

Reçu le : 2014-07-21
Accepté le : 2014-10-17
Publié le : 2015-04-01

DOI : 10.1016/j.crci.2014.10.005

Mots clés : Aqueous media, Bis(indole), Heteropolyacids, Michael reactions, Oxidative dehydrogenation, Ultrasonication

Affiliations des auteurs :

Somayeh Rahimi ¹ ; Mohammad A. Amrollahi ¹ ; Zohreh Kheilkordi ¹

¹ Department of Chemistry, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195–741, Yazd, Iran

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     author = {Somayeh Rahimi and Mohammad A. Amrollahi and Zohreh Kheilkordi},
     title = {An efficient ultrasound-promoted method for the synthesis of bis(indole) derivatives},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Chimie},
     pages = {558--563},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     volume = {18},
     number = {5},
     year = {2015},
     doi = {10.1016/j.crci.2014.10.005},
     language = {en},
}

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%A Mohammad A. Amrollahi
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Somayeh Rahimi; Mohammad A. Amrollahi; Zohreh Kheilkordi. An efficient ultrasound-promoted method for the synthesis of bis(indole) derivatives. Comptes Rendus. Chimie, Volume 18 (2015) no. 5, pp. 558-563. doi : 10.1016/j.crci.2014.10.005. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/chimie/articles/10.1016/j.crci.2014.10.005/

Version originale du texte intégral

1 Introduction

Bis(indole)-based compounds have recently received much attention as important building blocks for the synthesis of various active biological compounds [1–7]. Bis(indole) derivatives have been prepared via condensation reactions of indole with various aldehydes or ketones in the presence of either protic or Lewis acids [8–12]. Ultrasound irradiation is a powerful technique in synthetic organic chemistry. Enhanced reaction rates, simple experimental procedures, and high yields are the notable features of the ultrasound approach as compared to established methods [13–15]. Organic synthesis in aqueous media is gaining importance in view of the fact that the use of many toxic and volatile organic solvents contributes to pollution. There have been profound research activities in the development of organic reactions in aqueous media, offering key advantages such as rate enhancement and insolubility of final products, which facilitates their isolation by simple filtration [16]. Keggin-type heteropolyacids (HPAs) have been studied extensively for organic synthetic processes as acid or redox catalysts in homogeneous and heterogeneous media [17]. HPAs have catalyzed several organic transformations such as Diels–Alder reaction [18], oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols and amines [19], olefin hydration [20], synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones [21], esterification reactions [22], preparation of oximes [23] and synthesis of oxazolines, imidazolines, and thiazolines [24]. In conjunction with an ongoing research program involving the synthesis of bis(indole) compounds, we report a simple method for the preparation of bis(indole) derivatives through the Michael reaction of indole with different electron-deficient alkenes. This reaction is catalyzed by 12-tungstophosphoric acid in aqueous media at 90 °C under silent and ultrasound irradiation conditions (Scheme 1).

Scheme 1
Synthesis of bis(indole) derivatives catalyzed by 12-tungstophosphoric acid in aqueous media at 90 °C.

2 Results and discussion

In our initial study, the reaction of indole and 2-benzylidenemalononitrile was considered as a model one to optimize the conditions. The reaction was first carried out in H₂O in the absence of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ and in reflux conditions. No reaction occurred under silent and ultrasound irradiation conditions (Table 1, entry 1). Similar reactions were then attempted in the presence of 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 mol-% of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀. The results in Table 1, entries 2–5, show that the use of 3 mol-% of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ at reflux in H₂O is sufficient to push the reaction forward. Higher reaction loading of the catalyst had no significant influence on the reaction yield. To find the optimum reaction temperature, the reaction was carried out with 3 mol-% of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ at room temperature, 60 °C, and at reflux temperature, which resulted in the isolation of the product in trace amounts and yields of 65% and 93% (Table 1, entries 7, 6, and 4), respectively. Thus, 3 mol-% of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ and a reaction temperature at reflux were the optimal conditions. In addition, EtOH, MeCN, and MeCO₂Et were also tested as solvents. In these cases, 2-((di(H1 indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)malonitrile was formed in lower yields (Table 1, entries 8–10). When H₃NSO₃ and C₁₀H₁₆O₄S were used as catalysts, 2-((di(H1 indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)malonitrile was formed slightly in lower yields (Table 1, entries 13, 14).


Entry	Temp (°C)	Solvent	Catalyst (mol %)	Yield (%)^b
1	Reflux	H₂O	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (0)	0
2	Reflux	H₂O	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (2)	70
3	Reflux	H₂O	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (2.5)	87
4	Reflux	H₂O	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (3)	93
5	Reflux	H₂O	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (3.5)	92
6	60	H₂O	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (3)	65
7	Room temp	H₂O	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (3)	Trace
8	Reflux	EtOH	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (3)	30
9	Reflux	MeCO₂Et	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (3)	20
10	Reflux	MeCN	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (3)	28
11	Reflux	H₂O	H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀ (5.4)	91
12	Reflux	H₂O	H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ (3.4)	92
13	Reflux	H₂O	C₁₀H₁₆O₄S (42)	70
14	Reflux	H₂O	H₃NSO₃ (100)	75

^a Reaction conditions: indole (1 mmol), 2-benzylidenemalonitrile (0.5 mmol), and solvent (4 mL).

^b Isolated yields.

When optimizing the model reaction, bis(indole) derivatives were synthesized in high yields under silent and ultrasound irradiation conditions. Ultrasound irradiation accelerated such reactions. The results are summarized in Table 2. It can be observed that the process tolerates both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents in benzaldehydes. In all the cases, the reactions proceeded efficiently at reflux under mild conditions to afford the corresponding products in high yields. All the products were characterized by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses.


Entry	X	R	Time Silent/sonication^c	Yield (%)^b Silent/sonication	Mp (°C)
1	CN	C₆H₅	11 h/14 min	94/93	89–90
2	CN	4-NO₂C₆H₄	8 h/10 min	92/91	243–245
3	CN	2-FC₆H₄	10 h/12 min	87/85	128–129
4	CN	4-FC₆H₄	10 h/12 min	86/85	132–135
5	CN	4-ClC₆H₄	10 h/12 min	85/83	Oil
6	CN	4-MeOC₆H₄	12 h/17 min	85/82	126–128
7	CN	3, 4-diMeOC₆H₃	12 h/17 min	81/80	168–169
8	CN	4-HOC₆H₄	12 h/20 min	80/78	87–88
9	CN	4-MeC₆H₄	11 h/15 min	82/80	174–176
10	CN	4-iprC₆H₄	11 h/15 min	79/77	181–183
11	CO₂Me	C₆H₅	12 h/13 min	92/91	Oil
12	CO₂Et	C₆H₅	12 h/13 min	91/90	Oil

^a Reaction conditions: indole (1 mmol), electron deficient alkenes (0.5 mmol).

^b Isolated yields.

^c Constant frequency: 70 W.

As expected, the reaction could be extended to other electron-deficient alkenes. Under optimized conditions, 2-(pyridylmethylene)malononitriles, 3-(pyridyl)acrylates were also chosen as electron-deficient alkenes to react with indole and were found to generate the corresponding indolyl derivatives. The reaction proceeded smoothly as expected in high yields, but while we wanted to obtain the expected bis(indole) derivatives, only indolyl derivatives were obtained (Table 3). A possible reason for this is that the oxidative dehydrogenation of 2-((indolyl)(pyridyl)methylene)malononitriles and of 3-(indolyl)(pyridyl)acrylates in the presence of H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ is less reactive than 2-((aryl)(indolyl)methyl)malonitriles and 3-(aryl)(indolyl)acrylates, respectively. ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectra of the crude mixture clearly indicate that the formation of the product leads to one enantiomer. Our attempts to detect the second enantiomer in the reaction mixture were not successful. The results are summarized in Table 3. To explore the scope and limitations of this reaction further, we extended our studies to the reaction of pyrrole and 2-benzylidenemalonitrile in the presence of 12-tungstophosphoric acid as a catalyst in aqueous media at 90 °C under the established conditions. The reaction proceeded smoothly and a black sticky mixture was obtained after 3 h. In accordance with the literature, we think that pyrrole as an acid-sensitive compound undergoes polymerization reactions without any occurrence of Michael addition reactions.


Entry	X	R	Time Silent/sonication^c	Yield (%)^b Silent/sonication	Mp (°C)
1	CN	3-pyridyl	9/10	92/91	159–161
2	CN	4-pyridyl	9/10	91/90	165–166
3	CO₂Me	3-pyridyl	10/11	88/86	144–145
4	CO₂Me	4-pyridyl	11/12	86/84	Oil
5	CO₂Et	3-pyridyl	10/11	87/85	147–148
6	CO₂Et	4-pyridyl	11/12	85/83	Oil

^a Reaction conditions: indole (1 mmol), 2-(pyridylmethylene)malononitriles or 3-(pyridyl) acrylates (0.5 mmol).

^b Isolated yields.

^c Constant frequency: 70 W.

A plausible mechanism for the conjugate addition of indole to 2-benzylidenemalonitrile, oxidative dehydrogenation of Michael adducts and second conjugate addition of indole with dehydrogenation adducts is proposed in Scheme 2. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ coordinated with nitrile groups of 2-benzylidenemalonitrile to give 1. The electron-rich β-position of the indole ring then attacked the electron-deficient conjugated carbon–carbon double bond of 1, followed by a hydrogen transfer, and was rearranged to give 2. Then, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ protonated the aromatic ring and got rearranged to give 4. Finally, dehydrogenation of 4 resulted in 2-((indolyl)(phenyl)methylene)malononitriles (5). 2-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)-(phenyl)methyl)malononitrile was obtained by the second conjugate addition of indole with compound 5, and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ was released to catalyze the next cycle (Scheme 2).

Scheme 2
The proposed mechanism for the synthesis of 2-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)-(phenyl)(methyl) malononitrile catalyzed by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀.

3 Conclusions

In conclusion, we have developed a facile approach to prepare bis(indole) derivatives by reaction of indole with electron-deficient alkenes. This reaction is catalyzed by 12-tungstophosphoric acid as a highly stable, effective and readily available catalyst under silent and ultrasound irradiation conditions. The procedure reported here has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, high yields of products, operational simplicity, and avoidance of toxic catalysts and solvents.

4 Experimental

Melting points were determined by Büchi melting point B-540 B.V.CHI apparatus in open capillaries. They were uncorrected. IR spectra were recorded as KBr pellets on a Bruker Eqinox 55 spectrometer. ¹H- and¹³C-NMR spectra were obtained in CDCl₃ with Me₄Si as the internal standard with a Bruker Avance 500 MHz spectrometer. Elemental analyses were carried out with a Costech ECS 4010 CHN analyzer. Column chromatography was performed on a silica gel (230–400) mesh. Analytical TLC was performed on pre-coated plastic sheets of silica gel G/UV-254 with a thickness of 0.2 mm. Electron-deficient alkenes were prepared by treatment of benzaldehyde derivatives and active methylene compounds in aqueous media, at room temperature.

4.1 General procedure for the synthesis of bis(indole)

A mixture of indole (0.12 g, 1 mmol), electron-deficient alkenes (0.5 mmol) and catalyst (3 mol%) was refluxed at 90 °C in water (4 mL) under silent and ultrasound irradiation conditions for the appropriate time. The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After cooling, the resulting precipitate was filtered, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain a pure one. The results are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. All the products are unknown compounds, which were characterized by mp, IR, elemental analyses, ¹H-, and ¹³C-NMR spectra.

4.1.1 2-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl) malononitrile

Red crystals; mp 89–90 °C. IR (KBr): ν = 3409, 3050, 2923, 2160, 1606, 1475 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 5.94 (s, 1H, CH), 6.67 (s, 2H, CH), 7.07 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.23 (t, J = 6.4, 2H, ArH), 7.27–7.35 (m, 7H, ArH), 7.45 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.88 (s, 2H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 40.61, 77.70, 111.41, 112.69, 119.58, 120.11, 120.30, 122.27, 124.00, 126.50, 127.51, 128.60, 129.11, 137.10, 144.40 ppm; anal. calc. for C₂₆H₁₈N₄: C 80.81, H 4.69, N 14.50. Found: C 80.51, H 4.49, N 14.20 (Table 2, entry 1).

4.1.2 2-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)(4-nitrophenyl)methelyl)malononitrile

Yellow crystals; mp 243–245 °C. IR (KBr): ν = 3422, 3052, 2923, 2187, 1610, 1507, 1456, 1341 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 5.93 (s, 1H, CH), 6.64 (s, 2H, CH), 6.92 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.09 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.26 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.34 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.46 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H, ArH), 8.06 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H, ArH), 9.30 (s, 2H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 36.01, 48.90, 111.01, 113.00, 113.28, 119.78, 120.10, 122.01, 123.78, 124.00, 128.01, 130.05, 138.50, 148.01, 149.11 ppm; anal. calc. for C₂₆H₁₇N₅O₂: C 72.38, H 3.97, N 16.23. Found: C 72.15, H 3.65, N 16.43 (Table 2, entry 2).

4.1.3 2-((2-fluorophenyl)di(1H-indol-3-yl) methyl)malononitrile

Light pink crystals; mp 128–129 °C. IR (KBr): ν = 3392, 3050, 2930, 2165, 1580, 1438, 1219 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 6.28 (s, 1H, CH), 6.73 (s, 2H,CH), 7.09 (m, 3H, ArH), 7.13 (t, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.28 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.39 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.46 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.89 (s, 2H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 36.00, 42.11, 111.40, 112.20, 113.01, 116.01, 118.68, 119.71, 120.20, 122.39, 124.01, 127.31, 128.01, 129.01, 130.68, 137.10, 159.01 ppm; anal. calc. for C₂₆H₁₇N₄F: C 77.21, H 4.24, N 13.85. Found: C 77.50, H 4.51, N 13.55 (Table 2, entry 3).

4.1.4 2-((4-fluorophenyl)di(1H-indol-3-yl) methyl)malononitrile

Red crystals; mp 132–135 °C. IR (KBr): ν = 3403, 3052, 2928, 2185, 1601, 1416, 1217 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 5.90 (s, H, CH), 6.33 (s, 2H, CH), 7.00 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.19–7.27 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.30 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.80 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 8.00 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 9.30 (s, 2H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 39.90, 48.00, 112.01, 112.78, 113.01, 116.00, 119.01, 120.69, 121.20, 123.79, 128.41, 130.00, 136.78, 138.00, 159.11 ppm; anal. calc. for C₂₆H₁₇N₄F: C77.21, H 4.24, N 13.58. Found: C 77.00, H 4.60, N 13.44 (Table 2, entry 4).

4.1.5 2-((4-chlorophenyl)di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)malononitrile

Viscous oil; IR (KBr): ν = 3411, 3052, 2923, 2165, 1616, 1415, 744 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 5.89 (s, 1H, CH), 6.66 (s, 2H, CH), 6.93–7.04 (m, J = 8.1 Hz, 4H, ArH), 7.21 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.44 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.80 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 8.00 (d, 2H, ArH), 8.60 (s, 2H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 37.60, 50.01, 112.00, 113.01, 113.79, 118.49, 120.01, 121.49, 121.68, 125.50, 128.29, 130.01, 131.87, 138.00, 140.01 ppm; anal. calc. for C₂₆H₁₇N₄Cl: C 74.19, H 4.07, N 13.31. Found: C 74.45, H 4.34, N 13.52 (Table 2, entry 5).

4.1.6 2((3,4-di methoxyphenyl)di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)malononitrile

Light yellow crystals; mp 168–169 °C. IR (KBr): ν = 3399, 3055, 2926, 2250, 1593, 1456 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 3.80 (s, 3H, CH₃), 3.89 (s, 3H, CH₃), 5.88 (s, 1H, CH), 6.67 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.71 (s, 2H, CH), 6.81 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.88 (dd, J₁ = 8.4 Hz, J₂ = 1.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.05 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.21 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.4 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.45 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.96 (s, 2H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 38.01, 50.00, 57.30, 57.38, 110.01, 112.00, 112.78, 115.00, 117.68, 119.70, 120.01, 122.00, 123.01, 123.67, 128.71, 133.00, 136.48, 148.00, 150.00 ppm; anal. calc. for C₂₈H₂₂N₄O₂: C 75.32, H 4.97, N 12.55. Found: C75.52, H 4.63, N 12.22 (Table 2, entry 7).

4.1.7 2-((4-hydroxyphenyl)di(1H-indol-3-yl)methelyl)malononitrile

Red crystals; mp 87–88 °C. IR (KBr): ν = 3407, 3055, 2922, 1611, 1455 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 5.40 (s, 1H, CH), 5.30 (s, 1H, OH), 6.67 (s, 2H, NH), 6.8 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.00 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.14 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.6 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.90 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.97 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H, ArH), 8.30 (s, 2H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 39.00, 49.01, 111.01, 113.00, 116.01, 119.58, 121.11, 123.01, 128.20, 129.01, 129.28, 132.69, 136.50, 138.01, 155.50 ppm; anal. calc. for C₂₆H₁₈N₄O: C 77.59, H 4.51, N 13.92. Found: C 77.65 H 4.71, N 13.62 (Table 2, entry 8).

4.1.8 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)(pyridine-3-yl) methyl)malononitrile

White crystals; mp 159–161 °C. IR (KBr): ν = 3407, 3075, 2902, 2258 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 4.80 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H, CH), 4.99 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H, CH), 7.00–7.90 (m, 7H, ArH), 8.42 (s, 1H, CH), 8.61 (s, 1H, CH), 10.37 (s, 1H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 29.50, 42.01, 110.90, 112.21, 112.89, 116.10, 118.61, 120.01, 122.68, 123.29, 124.00, 134.12, 136.10, 136.88, 150.01, 150.10; anal. calc. for C₁₇H₁₂N₄: C 74.98, H 4.44, N 20.58. Found: C 74.55, H 4.61, N 20.55 (Table 3, entry 1).

4.1.9 Ethyl 2-cyano-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-(pyridine-3-yl)propanoate

Light pink crystals; mp 147–148 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3411, 3040, 2980, 2252, 1732, 1580, 1440, 1260 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 1.06 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H, CH₃), 4.08 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H, CH₂), 4.34 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H, CH), 5.01 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H, CH), 6.80–7.90 (m, 7H, ArH), 8.45 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H, CH), 8.63 (s, 1H, CH), 10.04 (s, 1H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 14.10, 38.01, 40.88, 63.39, 111.11, 112.79, 116.10, 118.59, 119.90, 122.11, 122.59, 123.00, 124.01, 133.20, 135.29, 136.90, 148.21, 149.89, 165.19 ppm; anal. calc. for C₁₉H₁₇N₃O₂: C 71.46, H 5.37, N 13.16. Found: C 71.16, H 5.67, N 13.36 (Table 3, entry 5).

4.1.10 Ethyl 2-cyano-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-(pyridine-4-yl)propanoate

Viscous oil. IR (KBr): ν = 3402, 2981, 2250, 1741, 1599, 1458 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 1.06 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H, CH₃), 4.08 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H, CH₂), 4.34 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H, CH), 5.01 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H, CH), 7.18 (m, 4H, ArH), 8.6 (d, J = 7.9, 2H, ArH), 7.28 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H, ArH), 8.63 (s, 1H, CH), 10.04 (s, 1H, NH) ppm; ¹³C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 14.10, 38.11, 40.10, 63.39, 112.01, 117.40, 120.69, 121.71, 122.59, 123.20, 124.51, 124.69, 137.11, 141.10, 150.01, 153.41, 164.69 ppm; anal. calc. for C₁₉H₁₇N₃O₂: C 71.46, H 5.37, N 13.16. Found: C 71.23, H 5.14, N 13.54 (Table 3, entry 6).

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Research Council of Yazd University for financial support.

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