Blood flow and microgravity

Lionel Bureau; Gwennou Coupier; Frank Dubois; Alain Duperray; Alexander Farutin; Christophe Minetti; Chaouqi Misbah; Thomas Podgorski; Daria Tsvirkun; Mikhail Vysokikh

doi:10.1016/j.crme.2016.10.011

Basic and applied researches in microgravity/Recherches fondamentales et appliquées en microgravité

Blood flow and microgravity
[Écoulement sanguin et microgravité]

Lionel Bureau ^1,² ; Gwennou Coupier ^1,² ; Frank Dubois ³ ; Alain Duperray ^4,⁵ ; Alexander Farutin ^1,² ; Christophe Minetti ³ ; Chaouqi Misbah ^1,² ; Thomas Podgorski ^1,² ; Daria Tsvirkun ^1,^2,^4,^5,⁶ ; Mikhail Vysokikh ⁶

¹ Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
² CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
³ Service de chimie physique EP, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50, avenue Frankin-Roosevelt, CP16/62, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
⁴ INSERM U1209, Institut Albert-Bonniot, 38000 Grenoble, France
⁵ Université Grenoble Alpes, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France
⁶ Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4, Oparin street, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation

Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Volume 345 (2017) no. 1, pp. 78-85.

Résumé
Abstract

L'absence de gravité lors de longues missions spatiales peut altérer le fonctionnement cardiovasculaire à cause, en partie, de l'absence d'activité physique. Ceci a des répercussions sur l'hémodynamique, et en particulier sur le niveau de contraintes de cisaillement auxquelles sont soumis les vaisseaux sanguins. Un séjour de longue durée dans l'espace peut conduire à un processus de remodelage vasculaire via une cascade complexe de mécanotransduction qui couple la morphologie des vaisseaux et leur fonction aux signaux mécaniques dus au passage des corpuscules sanguins le long des parois vasculaires. Dans ces processus, le glycocalyx – brosse de biopolymères épaisse d'environ un micromètre, tapissant la paroi endothéliale et directement exposée au flux sanguin – joue un rôle central dans la régulation des interactions mécano-biochimiques. Dans cet article, nous présentons des résultats expérimentaux obtenus en microgravité concernant la force de portance s'exerçant sur les globules rouges et sur les vésicules ainsi que les mouvements collectifs, puis quelques résultats préliminaires portant sur la fonctionnalisation de circuits artificiels par des brosses de polymères et par des cellules endothéliales. Ceci offre des perspectives intéressantes pour étudier l'interaction entre écoulement sanguin et endothélium, sain ou altéré à la suite d'une dégradation du glycocalyx mimant les effets de longues missions spatiales. Une comparaison directe entre expériences et simulations sera présentée.

The absence of gravity during space flight can alter cardio-vascular functions partially due to reduced physical activity. This affects the overall hemodynamics, and in particular the level of shear stresses to which blood vessels are submitted. Long-term exposure to space environment is thus susceptible to induce vascular remodeling through a mechanotransduction cascade that couples vessel shape and function with the mechanical cues exerted by the circulating cells on the vessel walls. Central to such processes, the glycocalyx – i.e. the micron-thick layer of biomacromolecules that lines the lumen of blood vessels and is directly exposed to blood flow – is a major actor in the regulation of biochemical and mechanical interactions. We discuss in this article several experiments performed under microgravity, such as the determination of lift force and collective motion in blood flow, and some preliminary results obtained in artificial microfluidic circuits functionalized with endothelium that offer interesting perspectives for the study of the interactions between blood and endothelium in healthy condition as well as by mimicking the degradation of glycocalyx caused by long space missions. A direct comparison between experiments and simulations is discussed.

Reçu le : 2016-04-01
Accepté le : 2016-05-02
Publié le : 2016-11-25

DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2016.10.011

Keywords: Blood flow, Microgravity, Lift force, Polymer brush, Endothelium
Mot clés : Écoulement sanguin, Microgravité, Force de portance, Brosse de polymère, Endothélium

Affiliations des auteurs :

Lionel Bureau ^{1, 2} ; Gwennou Coupier ^{1, 2} ; Frank Dubois ³ ; Alain Duperray ^{4, 5} ; Alexander Farutin ^{1, 2} ; Christophe Minetti ³ ; Chaouqi Misbah ^{1, 2} ; Thomas Podgorski ^{1, 2} ; Daria Tsvirkun ^{1, 2, 4, 5, 6} ; Mikhail Vysokikh ⁶

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     title = {Blood flow and microgravity},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. M\'ecanique},
     pages = {78--85},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     volume = {345},
     number = {1},
     year = {2017},
     doi = {10.1016/j.crme.2016.10.011},
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%A Thomas Podgorski
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Lionel Bureau; Gwennou Coupier; Frank Dubois; Alain Duperray; Alexander Farutin; Christophe Minetti; Chaouqi Misbah; Thomas Podgorski; Daria Tsvirkun; Mikhail Vysokikh. Blood flow and microgravity. Comptes Rendus. Mécanique, Volume 345 (2017) no. 1, pp. 78-85. doi : 10.1016/j.crme.2016.10.011. https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/mecanique/articles/10.1016/j.crme.2016.10.011/

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